Trigger Points Defined
Copyright Feb 2003
1 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT) 1
2 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND) 3
3 ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 5
4 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 7
5 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 9
6 ADDUCTOR BREVIS. 11
7 ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 13
8 ADDUCTOR LONGUS. 15
9 ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. 17
10 ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 19
11 ANCONEUS. 21
12 BICEPS BRACHII 23
13 BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral
Hamstring) 25
14 BRACHIALIS. 27
15 BRACHIORADIALIS. 29
16 BUCCINATOR. 31
17 BULBOCAVERNOSUS
(BULBOSPONGIOSUS) 33
18 CILIARY MUSCLE. 35
19 COCCYGEUS (ISCHIOCOCCYGEUS) 37
20 CORACOBRACHIALIS. 39
21 CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII 41
22 CRICOARYTENOID LATERAL &
POSTERIOR. 43
23 CRICOPHARYNGEUS. 45
24 CRICOTHYROID. 47
25 DELTOID ANTERIOR. 49
26 INTERSPINALES. 51
27 INTERTRANSVERSARII 53
28 KEEPING THIS SPACE WARM. 55
Back Table of Contents References
1.1.1
1.2
Illustration
1.3.1
1.4
Synergists and Antagonists
1.4.1
1.5
Patient Report
1.5.1.1
1.5.2.1
1.6.1.1
1.6.2.1
1.7.1
Examination for Involvement
1.7.1.1
Physical Examination
1.7.1.1.1
1.7.2.1
1.8 Trigger Point Examination
1.8.1
1.9.1
1.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
2.1
Illustration Notes
2.1.1
2.2
Illustration
2.3
Pain Referral
2.3.1
2.4
Synergists and Antagonists
2.4.1
2.5
Patient Report
2.5.1
Patient Complaints
2.5.1.1
2.5.2
Pain Relief
2.5.2.1
2.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
2.6.1
Activation
2.6.1.1
2.6.2
Perpetuation
2.6.2.1
2.7
Patient Examination
2.7.1
Examination for Involvement
2.7.1.1
Physical Examination
2.7.1.1.1
2.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
2.7.2.1
2.8
Trigger Point Examination
2.8.1
2.9
Associated Trigger Points
2.9.1
2.10
Corrective Actions
2.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
3.1
Illustration Notes
3.1.1
3.2
Illustration
3.3
Pain Referral
3.3.1
3.4
Synergists and Antagonists
3.4.1
3.5
Patient Report
3.5.1
Patient Complaints
3.5.1.1
3.5.2
Pain Relief
3.5.2.1
3.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
3.6.1
Activation
3.6.1.1
3.6.2
Perpetuation
3.6.2.1
3.7
Patient Examination
3.7.1
Examination for Involvement
3.7.1.1
Physical Examination
3.7.1.1.1
3.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
3.7.2.1
3.8
Trigger Point Examination
3.8.1
3.9
Associated Trigger Points
3.9.1
3.10
Corrective Actions
3.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
4.1
Illustration Notes
4.1.1
4.2
Illustration
4.3
Pain Referral
4.3.1
4.4
Synergists and Antagonists
4.4.1
4.5
Patient Report
4.5.1
Patient Complaints
4.5.1.1
4.5.2
Pain Relief
4.5.2.1
4.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
4.6.1
Activation
4.6.1.1
4.6.2
Perpetuation
4.6.2.1
4.7
Patient Examination
4.7.1
Examination for Involvement
4.7.1.1
Physical Examination
4.7.1.1.1
4.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
4.7.2.1
4.8
Trigger Point Examination
4.8.1
4.9
Associated Trigger Points
4.9.1
4.10
Corrective Actions
4.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
5.1
Illustration Notes
5.1.1
5.2
Illustration
5.3
Pain Referral
5.3.1
5.4
Synergists and Antagonists
5.4.1
5.5
Patient Report
5.5.1
Patient Complaints
5.5.1.1
5.5.2
Pain Relief
5.5.2.1
5.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
5.6.1
Activation
5.6.1.1
5.6.2
Perpetuation
5.6.2.1
5.7
Patient Examination
5.7.1
Examination for Involvement
5.7.1.1
Physical Examination
5.7.1.1.1
5.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
5.7.2.1
5.8
Trigger Point Examination
5.8.1
5.9
Associated Trigger Points
5.9.1
5.10
Corrective Actions
5.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
6.1
Illustration Notes
6.1.1
6.2
Illustration
6.3
Pain Referral
6.3.1
6.4
Synergists and Antagonists
6.4.1
6.5
Patient Report
6.5.1
Patient Complaints
6.5.1.1
6.5.2
Pain Relief
6.5.2.1
6.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
6.6.1
Activation
6.6.1.1
6.6.2
Perpetuation
6.6.2.1
6.7
Patient Examination
6.7.1
Examination for Involvement
6.7.1.1
Physical Examination
6.7.1.1.1
6.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
6.7.2.1
6.8
Trigger Point Examination
6.8.1
6.9
Associated Trigger Points
6.9.1
6.10
Corrective Actions
6.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
7.1
Illustration Notes
7.1.1
7.2
Illustration
7.3
Pain Referral
7.3.1
7.4
Synergists and Antagonists
7.4.1
7.5
Patient Report
7.5.1
Patient Complaints
7.5.1.1
7.5.2
Pain Relief
7.5.2.1
7.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
7.6.1
Activation
7.6.1.1
7.6.2
Perpetuation
7.6.2.1
7.7
Patient Examination
7.7.1
Examination for Involvement
7.7.1.1
Physical Examination
7.7.1.1.1
7.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
7.7.2.1
7.8
Trigger Point Examination
7.8.1
7.9
Associated Trigger Points
7.9.1
7.10
Corrective Actions
7.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
8.1
Illustration Notes
8.1.1
8.2
Illustration
8.3
Pain Referral
8.3.1
8.4
Synergists and Antagonists
8.4.1
8.5
Patient Report
8.5.1
Patient Complaints
8.5.1.1
8.5.2
Pain Relief
8.5.2.1
8.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
8.6.1
Activation
8.6.1.1
8.6.2
Perpetuation
8.6.2.1
8.7
Patient Examination
8.7.1
Examination for Involvement
8.7.1.1
Physical Examination
8.7.1.1.1
8.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
8.7.2.1
8.8
Trigger Point Examination
8.8.1
8.9
Associated Trigger Points
8.9.1
8.10
Corrective Actions
8.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
9.1
Illustration Notes
9.1.1
9.2
Illustration
9.3
Pain Referral
9.3.1
9.4
Synergists and Antagonists
9.4.1
9.5
Patient Report
9.5.1
Patient Complaints
9.5.1.1
9.5.2
Pain Relief
9.5.2.1
9.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
9.6.1
Activation
9.6.1.1
9.6.2
Perpetuation
9.6.2.1
9.7
Patient Examination
9.7.1
Examination for Involvement
9.7.1.1
Physical Examination
9.7.1.1.1
9.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
9.7.2.1
9.8
Trigger Point Examination
9.8.1
9.9
Associated Trigger Points
9.9.1
9.10
Corrective Actions
9.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
10.1
Illustration Notes
10.1.1
10.2
Illustration
10.3
Pain Referral
10.3.1
10.4
Synergists and Antagonists
10.4.1
10.5
Patient Report
10.5.1
Patient Complaints
10.5.1.1
10.5.2
Pain Relief
10.5.2.1
10.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
10.6.1
Activation
10.6.1.1
10.6.2
Perpetuation
10.6.2.1
10.7
Patient Examination
10.7.1
Examination for Involvement
10.7.1.1
Physical Examination
10.7.1.1.1
10.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
10.7.2.1
10.8
Trigger Point Examination
10.8.1
10.9
Associated Trigger Points
10.9.1
10.10
Corrective Actions
10.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
11.1
Illustration Notes
11.1.1
11.2
Illustration
11.3
Pain Referral
11.3.1
11.4
Synergists and Antagonists
11.4.1
11.5
Patient Report
11.5.1
Patient Complaints
11.5.1.1
11.5.2
Pain Relief
11.5.2.1
11.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
11.6.1
Activation
11.6.1.1
11.6.2
Perpetuation
11.6.2.1
11.7
Patient Examination
11.7.1
Examination for Involvement
11.7.1.1
Physical Examination
11.7.1.1.1
11.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
11.7.2.1
11.8
Trigger Point Examination
11.8.1
11.9
Associated Trigger Points
11.9.1
11.10
Corrective Actions
11.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
12.1
Illustration Notes
12.1.1
12.2
Illustration
12.3
Pain Referral
12.3.1
12.4
Synergists and Antagonists
12.4.1
12.5
Patient Report
12.5.1
Patient Complaints
12.5.1.1
12.5.2
Pain Relief
12.5.2.1
12.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
12.6.1
Activation
12.6.1.1
12.6.2
Perpetuation
12.6.2.1
12.7
Patient Examination
12.7.1
Examination for Involvement
12.7.1.1
Physical Examination
12.7.1.1.1
12.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
12.7.2.1
12.8
Trigger Point Examination
12.8.1
12.9
Associated Trigger Points
12.9.1
12.10
Corrective Actions
12.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
13.1
Illustration Notes
13.1.1
13.2
Illustration
13.3
Pain Referral
13.3.1
13.4
Synergists and Antagonists
13.4.1
13.5
Patient Report
13.5.1
Patient Complaints
13.5.1.1
13.5.2
Pain Relief
13.5.2.1
13.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
13.6.1
Activation
13.6.1.1
13.6.2
Perpetuation
13.6.2.1
13.7
Patient Examination
13.7.1
Examination for Involvement
13.7.1.1
Physical Examination
13.7.1.1.1
13.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
13.7.2.1
13.8
Trigger Point Examination
13.8.1
13.9
Associated Trigger Points
13.9.1
13.10
Corrective Actions
13.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
14.1
Illustration Notes
14.1.1
14.2
Illustration
14.3
Pain Referral
14.3.1
14.4
Synergists and Antagonists
14.4.1
14.5
Patient Report
14.5.1
Patient Complaints
14.5.1.1
14.5.2
Pain Relief
14.5.2.1
14.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
14.6.1
Activation
14.6.1.1
14.6.2
Perpetuation
14.6.2.1
14.7
Patient Examination
14.7.1
Examination for Involvement
14.7.1.1
Physical Examination
14.7.1.1.1
14.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
14.7.2.1
14.8
Trigger Point Examination
14.8.1
14.9
Associated Trigger Points
14.9.1
14.10
Corrective Actions
14.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
15.1
Illustration Notes
15.1.1
15.2
Illustration
15.3
Pain Referral
15.3.1
15.4
Synergists and Antagonists
15.4.1
15.5
Patient Report
15.5.1
Patient Complaints
15.5.1.1
15.5.2
Pain Relief
15.5.2.1
15.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
15.6.1
Activation
15.6.1.1
15.6.2
Perpetuation
15.6.2.1
15.7
Patient Examination
15.7.1
Examination for Involvement
15.7.1.1
Physical Examination
15.7.1.1.1
15.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
15.7.2.1
15.8
Trigger Point Examination
15.8.1
15.9
Associated Trigger Points
15.9.1
15.10
Corrective Actions
15.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
16.1
Illustration Notes
16.1.1
16.2
Illustration
16.3
Pain Referral
16.3.1
16.4
Synergists and Antagonists
16.4.1
16.5
Patient Report
16.5.1
Patient Complaints
16.5.1.1
16.5.2
Pain Relief
16.5.2.1
16.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
16.6.1
Activation
16.6.1.1
16.6.2
Perpetuation
16.6.2.1
16.7
Patient Examination
16.7.1
Examination for Involvement
16.7.1.1
Physical Examination
16.7.1.1.1
16.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
16.7.2.1
16.8
Trigger Point Examination
16.8.1
16.9
Associated Trigger Points
16.9.1
16.10
Corrective Actions
16.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
17.1
Illustration Notes
17.1.1
17.2
Illustration
17.3
Pain Referral
17.3.1
17.4
Synergists and Antagonists
17.4.1
17.5
Patient Report
17.5.1
Patient Complaints
17.5.1.1
17.5.2
Pain Relief
17.5.2.1
17.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
17.6.1
Activation
17.6.1.1
17.6.2
Perpetuation
17.6.2.1
17.7
Patient Examination
17.7.1
Examination for Involvement
17.7.1.1
Physical Examination
17.7.1.1.1
17.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
17.7.2.1
17.8
Trigger Point Examination
17.8.1
17.9
Associated Trigger Points
17.9.1
17.10
Corrective Actions
17.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
18.1
Illustration Notes
18.1.1
18.2
Illustration
18.3
Pain Referral
18.3.1
18.4
Synergists and Antagonists
18.4.1
18.5
Patient Report
18.5.1
Patient Complaints
18.5.1.1
18.5.2
Pain Relief
18.5.2.1
18.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
18.6.1
Activation
18.6.1.1
18.6.2
Perpetuation
18.6.2.1
18.7
Patient Examination
18.7.1
Examination for Involvement
18.7.1.1
Physical Examination
18.7.1.1.1
18.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
18.7.2.1
18.8
Trigger Point Examination
18.8.1
18.9
Associated Trigger Points
18.9.1
18.10
Corrective Actions
18.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
19.1
Illustration Notes
19.1.1
19.2
Illustration
19.3
Pain Referral
19.3.1
19.4
Synergists and Antagonists
19.4.1
19.5
Patient Report
19.5.1
Patient Complaints
19.5.1.1
19.5.2
Pain Relief
19.5.2.1
19.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
19.6.1
Activation
19.6.1.1
19.6.2
Perpetuation
19.6.2.1
19.7
Patient Examination
19.7.1
Examination for Involvement
19.7.1.1
Physical Examination
19.7.1.1.1
19.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
19.7.2.1
19.8
Trigger Point Examination
19.8.1
19.9
Associated Trigger Points
19.9.1
19.10
Corrective Actions
19.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
20.1
Illustration Notes
20.1.1
20.2
Illustration
20.3
Pain Referral
20.3.1
20.4
Synergists and Antagonists
20.4.1
20.5
Patient Report
20.5.1
Patient Complaints
20.5.1.1
20.5.2
Pain Relief
20.5.2.1
20.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
20.6.1
Activation
20.6.1.1
20.6.2
Perpetuation
20.6.2.1
20.7
Patient Examination
20.7.1
Examination for Involvement
20.7.1.1
Physical Examination
20.7.1.1.1
20.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
20.7.2.1
20.8
Trigger Point Examination
20.8.1
20.9
Associated Trigger Points
20.9.1
20.10
Corrective Actions
20.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
21.1
Illustration Notes
21.1.1
21.2
Illustration
21.3
Pain Referral
21.3.1
21.4
Synergists and Antagonists
21.4.1
21.5
Patient Report
21.5.1
Patient Complaints
21.5.1.1
21.5.2
Pain Relief
21.5.2.1
21.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
21.6.1
Activation
21.6.1.1
21.6.2
Perpetuation
21.6.2.1
21.7
Patient Examination
21.7.1
Examination for Involvement
21.7.1.1
Physical Examination
21.7.1.1.1
21.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
21.7.2.1
21.8
Trigger Point Examination
21.8.1
21.9
Associated Trigger Points
21.9.1
21.10
Corrective Actions
21.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
22.1
Illustration Notes
22.1.1
22.2
Illustration
22.3
Pain Referral
22.3.1
22.4
Synergists and Antagonists
22.4.1
22.5
Patient Report
22.5.1
Patient Complaints
22.5.1.1
22.5.2
Pain Relief
22.5.2.1
22.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
22.6.1
Activation
22.6.1.1
22.6.2
Perpetuation
22.6.2.1
22.7
Patient Examination
22.7.1
Examination for Involvement
22.7.1.1
Physical Examination
22.7.1.1.1
22.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
22.7.2.1
22.8
Trigger Point Examination
22.8.1
22.9
Associated Trigger Points
22.9.1
22.10
Corrective Actions
22.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
23.1
Illustration Notes
23.1.1
23.2
Illustration
23.3
Pain Referral
23.3.1
23.4
Synergists and Antagonists
23.4.1
23.5
Patient Report
23.5.1
Patient Complaints
23.5.1.1
23.5.2
Pain Relief
23.5.2.1
23.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
23.6.1
Activation
23.6.1.1
23.6.2
Perpetuation
23.6.2.1
23.7
Patient Examination
23.7.1
Examination for Involvement
23.7.1.1
Physical Examination
23.7.1.1.1
23.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
23.7.2.1
23.8
Trigger Point Examination
23.8.1
23.9
Associated Trigger Points
23.9.1
23.10
Corrective Actions
23.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
24.1
Illustration Notes
24.1.1
24.2
Illustration
24.3
Pain Referral
24.3.1
24.4
Synergists and Antagonists
24.4.1
24.5
Patient Report
24.5.1
Patient Complaints
24.5.1.1
24.5.2
Pain Relief
24.5.2.1
24.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
24.6.1
Activation
24.6.1.1
24.6.2
Perpetuation
24.6.2.1
24.7
Patient Examination
24.7.1
Examination for Involvement
24.7.1.1
Physical Examination
24.7.1.1.1
24.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
24.7.2.1
24.8
Trigger Point Examination
24.8.1
24.9
Associated Trigger Points
24.9.1
24.10
Corrective Actions
24.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
25.1
Illustration Notes
25.1.1
25.2
Illustration
25.2.1
25.3
Pain Referral
25.3.1
25.4
Synergists and Antagonists
25.4.1
25.5
Patient Report
25.5.1
Patient Complaints
25.5.1.1
25.5.2
Pain Relief
25.5.2.1
25.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
25.6.1
Activation
25.6.1.1
25.6.2
Perpetuation
25.6.2.1
25.7
Patient Examination
25.7.1
Examination for Involvement
25.7.1.1
Physical Examination
25.7.1.1.1
25.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
25.7.2.1
25.8
Trigger Point Examination
25.8.1
25.9
Associated Trigger Points
25.9.1
25.10
Corrective Actions
25.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
26.1
Illustration Notes
26.1.1
26.2
Illustration
26.3
Pain Referral
26.3.1
26.4
Synergists and Antagonists
26.4.1
26.5
Patient Report
26.5.1
Patient Complaints
26.5.1.1
26.5.2
Pain Relief
26.5.2.1
26.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
26.6.1
Activation
26.6.1.1
26.6.2
Perpetuation
26.6.2.1
26.7
Patient Examination
26.7.1
Examination for Involvement
26.7.1.1
Physical Examination
26.7.1.1.1
26.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
26.7.2.1
26.8
Trigger Point Examination
26.8.1
26.9
Associated Trigger Points
26.9.1
26.10
Corrective Actions
26.10.1
Back Table of Contents References
27.1
Illustration Notes
27.1.1
27.2
Illustration
27.3
Pain Referral
27.3.1
27.4
Synergists and Antagonists
27.4.1
27.5
Patient Report
27.5.1
Patient Complaints
27.5.1.1
27.5.2
Pain Relief
27.5.2.1
27.6
Activation and Perpetuation of Trigger
Points
27.6.1
Activation
27.6.1.1
27.6.2
Perpetuation
27.6.2.1
27.7
Patient Examination
27.7.1
Examination for Involvement
27.7.1.1
Physical Examination
27.7.1.1.1
27.7.2
Differential Diagnosis
27.7.2.1
27.8
Trigger Point Examination
27.8.1
27.9
Associated Trigger Points
27.9.1
27.10
Corrective Actions
27.10.1