Musculoskeletal Pathology

Copyright Sept 2003 Ted Nissen

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1       Ankle and Foot 1

2       Cervical Spine. 7

3       Elbow.. 12

4       Hip, Pelvic Girdle, Sacroiliac and Buttock 14

5       Knee. 16

6       Leg. 19

7       Lumbar Spine. 19

8       Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle. 23

9       Temporomandibular Joint 57

10         Thoracic Spine. 57

11         Wrist and Hand. 59

 

 

 

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1      Ankle and Foot

Back Table of Contents References 

1.1   Abnormal Foot Pronation

1.2   Abnormal Foot Supination

1.3   Achilles Bursitis (Adventitious)

1.3.1   HISTORY

1.3.2   SUBJECTIVE

1.3.3   OBJECTIVE

1.3.4   TREATMENT

1.3.5   EXAMINATION

1.3.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

1.4   Achilles Tendonitis / Tendinosis

1.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/05/2450.htm

1.4.2   The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.4.2.1     http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.5   Ankle Fractures

1.5.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.5.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/29.htm

1.6   Ankle Equinus Contracture

1.6.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.6.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/2451.htm

1.7   Ankle Sprains

1.7.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.7.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/25.htm

1.7.2   The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.7.2.1     http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60b.htm

1.8   Ankle Sprains (Chronic Recurrent)

1.9   Ankle Valgus

1.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/2351.htm

1.10 Ankle Varus Deformity

1.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/2352.htm

1.11 Anterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis (Albert's Disease)

1.11.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.11.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.12 Anterior Compartment Syndrome

1.13 Anterior Impingement Syndrome of the Ankle

1.13.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.13.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/28.htm

1.14 Anterior Talofibular ligament Sprain (Varus Sprain)

1.15 Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Sprain

1.16 Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament Sprain

1.17 Arteriosclerosis

1.18 Arthrodesis of the First MP Joint

1.18.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.18.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/161.htm

1.19 Avulsion Fracture of Base of 5th Metatarsal

1.19.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.19.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/179.htm

1.20 Bunionette / Overlapping 5th Toe Deformity

1.20.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.20.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/173.htm

1.21 Calcaneal Fracture

1.21.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.21.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/192.htm

1.22 Calcaneal Spur Syndrome

1.22.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.22.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.23 Calcaneocuboid Ligament Sprain (Varus Sprain)

1.24 Calcaneofibular Ligament Sprain (Varus Sprain)

1.25 Calcaneovalgus Foot

1.25.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.25.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/208.htm

1.26 Capsular Lesions (1st Metatarsophalangeal Joint)

1.27 Capsular Lesions (Ankle Joint)

1.28 Capsular Lesions (Mid-Tarsal Joint)

1.29 Capsular Lesions (Talocalcanean/Sub-Taloid Joint and Heel)

1.30 Capsule Tightness (Ankle)

1.31 Cavovarus Foot

1.31.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.31.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/205.htm

1.32 Claw Toes

1.32.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.32.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/186.htm

1.33 Clubfoot / Talipes Equinovarus

1.33.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.33.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o14/117.htm

1.34 Compartment Syndrome of the Foot

1.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/76.htm

1.35 Congenital Vertical Talus

1.35.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.35.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/220.htm

1.36 Cuneo-First-Metatarsal Joint Osteoarthrosis

1.37 Curly Toes and Overlapping Toes

1.37.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.37.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/2000.htm

1.38 Dancer’s Heel

1.39 Deep Peroneal Nerve Entrapment

1.40 Diabetic Foot and Ankle

1.40.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.40.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ortho1/974.htm

1.41 Deltoid Ligament Sprain (Valgus Strain)

1.42 Dens Fracture

1.42.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.42.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/172.htm

1.43 Equinovalgus

1.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/57.htm

1.44 Fibromatosis

1.44.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.44.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/148.htm

1.45 Flat Foot / Pes Planus

1.45.1             Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.45.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/207.htm

1.46 Fracture Of The Posterolateral Talar Tubercle

1.46.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.46.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.47 Freiburg's Arthritis

1.47.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.47.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/201.htm

1.48 Haglund's Deformity

1.48.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.48.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/17441.htm

1.49 Hallux Rigidus and Cheilectomy

1.49.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.49.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/160.htm

1.49.2            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.49.2.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60d.htm

1.50 Hallux Valgus

1.50.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.50.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/151.htm

1.51 Hammer Toes

1.51.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.51.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/189.htm

1.52 Heel Pain

1.52.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.52.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/1060.htm

1.53 Immobilization Limitation

1.54 Impingement Periostitis

1.55 Infections of the Foot

1.55.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.55.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ortho1/973.htm

1.56 Ingrown Toe Nail

1.56.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.56.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/4304.htm

1.57 Interdigital Nerve Entrapment

1.57.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.57.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60d.htm

1.58 Interosseous Muscle Strain

1.59 Joint Problems and Restrictions

1.60 Jones Fracture

1.60.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.60.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/178.htm

1.61 Kohler's Disease I

1.61.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.61.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/202.htm

1.62 Ledderhose Disease: plantar fibromatosis

1.62.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.62.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/led1.htm

1.63 Ligamentous Sprains

1.64 Lisfranc's Fracture / TarsoMetatarsal Injuries

1.64.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.64.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/176.htm

1.65 Lisfranc's Sprain and Minimally Displaced Fracture

1.65.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.65.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/1761.htm

1.66 Loose Body & Other Conditions

1.67 Mallet Toe

1.67.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.67.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/191.htm

1.68 Marching Fracture (Metatarsal Shafts)

1.69 Medial Malleolar Fractures

1.69.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.69.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/79.htm

1.70 Medial Metatarsalgia

1.71 Metatarsalgia

1.71.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.71.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/93.htm

1.71.2            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.71.2.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60d.htm

1.72 Metatarsophalangeal Articulation Pain

1.72.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.72.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60d.htm

1.73 Metatarsus Adductus

1.73.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.73.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/112.htm

1.74 Midfoot / Forefoot Fractures

1.74.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.74.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/175.htm

1.75 Midtarsal Fractures

1.75.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.75.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/177.htm

1.76 Mid-Tarsal Ligament Contracture

1.77 Mid-Tarsal Ligament Strain

1.78 Morton's Metatarsalgia

1.79 Morton's Neuroma: Interdigital Perineural Fibrosis

1.79.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.79.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/78.htm

1.80 Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

1.80.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.80.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/230.htm

1.81 Os Trigonum (Professional Dancers)

1.81.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.81.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/16.htm

1.82 Paraesthesia

1.83 Peroneal Tendon Dislocation

1.83.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.83.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/236.htm

1.84 Pes Cavus

1.84.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.84.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/203.htm

1.85 Plantar Fasciitis

1.85.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.85.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/104.htm

1.86 Plantar Warts: (Verruca Plantaris - Papillomas of the Sole)

1.86.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.86.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/101.htm

1.87 Polydactyly of Foot

1.87.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.87.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/484.htm

1.88 Poor Balance

1.89 Posterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis (Haglund's Deformity)

1.89.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.89.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.90 Post Ankle Sprain Adhesions

1.91 Posterior Ankle Pain

1.91.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.91.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/174.htm

1.92 Posterior Malleolar Fractures

1.92.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.92.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/82.htm

1.93 Posterior Tibial Nerve Entrapment

1.93.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.93.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.94 Posterior Tibial Nerve Neuralgia

1.94.1            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.94.1.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.95 Posterior Tibial Tendonitis

1.96 Pronation - Abduction Ankle Fractures

1.96.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.96.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/50.htm

1.97 Pronation-External Rotation Injuries of the Ankle

1.97.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.97.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/51.htm

1.98 Recurrent Sprain

1.99 Referred Pain and Nerve Injury Patterns

1.100                   Rupture of the Tibialis Posterior

1.100.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.100.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/05/249.htm

1.101                   Rheumatoid Foot

1.101.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.101.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/188.htm

1.102                   Retro-Calcaneal Bursitis

1.103                   Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

1.104                   Sesamoiditis

1.105                   Sever's Disease (Epiphysitis Of The Calcaneus)

1.105.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.105.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/3000.htm

1.105.2      The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

1.105.2.1               http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter60/60c.htm

1.106                   Shin Splints

1.107                   Sprains and Minor Tears to Ligaments

1.108                   Stress Fracture (Calcaneus & Navicular)

1.109                   Sub-Acute Arthritis (Adolescence)

1.110                   Sub-Acute Arthritis (Middle Age)

1.111                   Subcutaneous Nodules

1.112                   Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment

1.113                   Supination - Adduction Injuries of the Ankle

1.113.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.113.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/286.htm

1.114                   Supination External Rotation Ankle Frx (Weber B)

1.114.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.114.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/48.htm

1.115                   Syndesmotic Injuries of the Ankle

1.115.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.115.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/84.htm

1.116                   Tarsal Coaliltion

1.116.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.116.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/181.htm

1.117                   Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

1.117.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.117.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/106.htm

1.118                   Tendinitis or Tenosynovitis (Muscle Overuse)

1.119                   Tibial Plafond Fracture

1.119.1      http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/52.htm

1.120                   Toe Walking

1.120.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.120.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/3771a.htm

1.121                   Toe Nail Fungus (Onychomycosis)

1.121.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.121.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/4304a.htm

1.122                   Traumatic Arthritis

1.123                   Traumatic and Inflammatory Arthritis (Toe Joints)

1.124                   Trimalleolar Fracture: (Cotton Fracture)

1.124.1      http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/87.htm

1.125                   Turf Toe / Dislocation of MTP

1.125.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

1.125.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/162.htm

2      Cervical Spine

Back Table of Contents References 

2.1   Acceleration Injury

2.2   Acute Disk Bulge

2.3   Acute Torticollis

2.4   Ankylosing Spondylitis

2.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/48.htm

2.5   Anterior Cord Syndrome

2.5.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.5.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/977.htm

2.6   Anterior Subluxation (Hyperflexion Sprain) & Wedge Fracture

2.6.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.6.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/134.htm

2.7   Annular Tear

2.7.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.7.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/48.htm

2.8   Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation (Subluxation)

2.8.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.8.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/170.htm

2.9   Atlantoaxial Subluxation

2.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/168.htm

2.10 Atlantooccipital disassociation

2.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/161.htm

2.11 Bilateral InterFacet Dislocation

2.11.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.11.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/140.htm

2.12 Brown Sequard Syndrome

2.12.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.12.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/979.htm

2.13 Brachial Plexus Injuries (Upper Trunk)

2.13.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.13.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/25.htm

2.14 Burst Fractures (Lower Cervical)

2.14.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.14.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/160.htm

2.15 Capsular Lesions

2.15.1            HISTORY

2.15.2            SUBJECTIVE

2.15.3            OBJECTIVE

2.15.4            TREATMENT

2.15.5            EXAMINATION

2.15.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

2.16 Central Cord Syndrome

2.16.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.16.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/978.htm

2.17 Cervical Degenerative Changes (Generalized)

2.18 Cervical Facet Joint Restriction (Localized)

2.19 Cervical Facet Mechanical Block

2.20 Cervical Facet Stiffness

2.21 Cervical Instability

2.22 Cervical Nerve Root Impingements

2.23 Cervical Stenosis

2.23.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.23.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/123.htm

2.24 Chance Fracture (Spine)

2.24.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.24.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/198.htm

2.25 Common Muscle Injuries (Sprains and Contusions from Trauma or Overuse)

2.26 Compression Fractures

2.26.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.26.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/181.htm

2.27 Congenital Scoliosis and Vertebral Defects

2.27.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.27.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/84.htm

2.28 Cranial Dysfunctions

2.29 Dens Fracture

2.29.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.29.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/172.htm

2.30 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

2.30.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.30.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/25.htm

2.31 Disc Disease

2.32 Disc Herniation (Cervical)

2.32.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.32.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/119.htm

2.33 Disk Protrusions (Derangements)

2.34 Disogenic Pain

2.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/47.htm

2.35 Displacements

2.36 Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Spine

2.36.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.36.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/103.htm

2.37 Extension Teardrop Fracture of C2

2.37.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.37.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/147.htm

2.38 Facet Hypomobility or Hypermobility

2.39 Facet Joint Impingement (Blocking, Fixation)

2.40 Facet Joint Injuries

2.40.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.40.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/110.htm

2.41 Facet Sprain (Joint Capsule Injury)

2.42 Facet Synovitis Hemarthrosis

2.43 Flexion Tear Drop Fracture

2.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/144.htm

2.44 Forward Head Posture

2.45 Fracture Dislocations of the Spine

2.45.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.45.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/199.htm

2.46 Grisel's syndrome

2.46.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.46.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/2774.htm

2.47 Headache

2.48 Hangman's fracture / Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis

2.48.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.48.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/148.htm

2.49 Hyperextension Dislocation Injury

2.49.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.49.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/146.htm

2.50 Hyperextension Injuries: (19-38% of cervical injuries)

2.50.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.50.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/145.htm

2.51 Hyperflexion Injuries

2.51.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.51.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/131.htm

2.52 Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesion

2.52.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.52.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/973.htm

2.53 Instability of Cervical Spine

2.54 Jefferson Fracture / Atlas Fracture

2.54.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.54.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/155.htm

2.55 Kissing Laminae

2.56 Klippel Feil Syndrome

2.56.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.56.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/52.htm

2.57 Kyphosis

2.57.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.57.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/47.htm

2.58 Ligamentous Instability

2.58.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.58.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/137.htm

2.59 Ligamentous Sprain and Rupture-Whiplash

2.60 Ligamentous Strain-Simple Overstretch or Overuse

2.61 Muscle Guarding (Splinting) and Spasm

2.62 Myelodysplasia

2.62.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.62.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/75.htm

2.63 Myelomeningocele

2.63.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.63.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/77.htm

2.64 Myelopathy

2.64.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.64.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/2783.htm

2.65 Myofascial Restrictions-Cervical

2.66 Myofascial Restrictions-Subcranial

2.67 Occult Spondylytic Fractures

2.67.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.67.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/95.htm

2.68 Os Odontoideum

2.68.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.68.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/175.htm

2.69 Osteoarthritic Changes (Degenerative Joint Disease & Spondylosis)

2.70 Osteomyelitis (Vertebral)

2.70.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.70.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa3/80.htm

2.71 Painful Entrapment of Cervical Facet

2.72 Prevertebral Soft Tissues

2.72.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.72.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/149.htm

2.73 Radiculopathy (Cervical)

2.73.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.73.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/1212.htm

2.74 Rheumatoid Cervical Spine

2.74.1             Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.74.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/162.htm

2.75 Root Pressure (C1)

2.76 Root Pressure (C2)

2.77 Root Pressure (C3)

2.78 Root Pressure (C4)

2.79 Root Pressure (C5)

2.80 Root Pressure (C6)

2.81 Root Pressure (C7)

2.82 Root Pressure (C8)

2.83 Root Pressure (T1)

2.84 Root Pressure (T2)

2.85 Scoliosis

2.85.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.85.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/59.htm

2.86 Sinus

2.87 Spinal Shock

2.87.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.87.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/43.htm

2.88 Spine Fractures & their Mechanisms

2.88.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.88.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/180.htm

2.89 Spondylosis (Cervical)

2.89.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.89.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/118.htm

2.90 Spondylolysis / Spondylolisthesis

2.90.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.90.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/92.htm

2.91 Spinous Process Fracture (avulsion fracture - "Clay Shoveler's Fracture)

2.91.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.91.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/143.htm

2.92 Subcranial Facet Stiffness or Block

2.93 Subcranial Ligamentous Insufficiency-Rheumatoid Arthritis

2.94 Subcranial Ligamentous Rupture-Whiplash

2.95 Subcranial Vertebral Artery Syndrome

2.96 Syringomyelia

2.96.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.96.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/79.htm

2.97 Tension Headache

2.98 Torticollis

2.98.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.98.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/124.htm

2.99 Torticollis (Wryneck, Cervical Scoliosis)

2.100                   Transverse Ligament Rupture

2.100.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.100.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/167.htm

2.101                   Tumors and Lesions of the Spine and Sacrum

2.101.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.101.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/180.htm

2.102                   Unilateral Facet Dislocation

2.102.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.102.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/142.htm

2.103                   Waddel Criteria

2.103.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

2.103.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/26.htm

3      Elbow

Back Table of Contents References 

3.1   Adult Lateral Condyle Fracture (Condylar Fractures)

3.1.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.1.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/144.htm

3.2   Adult Humeral Inter-Condylar Fractures

3.2.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.2.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/143.htm

3.3   Arthritis

3.3.1   HISTORY

3.3.2   SUBJECTIVE

3.3.3   OBJECTIVE

3.3.4   TREATMENT

3.3.5   EXAMINATION

3.3.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

3.3.7   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.3.7.1      

3.3.8   The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

3.3.8.1      

3.4   Biceps Tendonitis (Distal)

3.4.1   Illustration

3.4.1.1     Biceps Tendonitis (Distal)

3.5   Brachialis Tendonitis

3.6   Capitelar and Coronal Shear Fractures (Condylar Fractures)

3.6.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.6.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/156.htm

3.7   Capsular Lesions

3.8   Capsule Tightness

3.9   Complex Elbow Dislocations

3.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/180.htm

3.10 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

3.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/214.htm

3.11 Cubitus Varus

3.11.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.11.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/96.htm

3.12 Displacements

3.13 Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

3.13.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.13.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/85.htm

3.14 Distal Humeral Physeal Separation

3.14.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.14.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/140.htm

3.15 Distal Radioulnar Joint (Joint Restrictions)

3.16 Distal Subluxation of the Radial Head (Pulled Elbow)

3.17 Distal Third Humeral Fracture: Holstein Lewis (Condylar Fractures)

3.17.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.17.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/19.htm

3.18 Elbow Flexion Contracture

3.18.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.18.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/611.htm

3.19 Elbow in RA Patient

3.19.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.19.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/145.htm

3.20 Elbow Tendonitis

3.21 Extensor Mechanism Tendonitis

3.22 Flexor Mechanism Tendonitis

3.23 Fractures of the Olecranon

3.23.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.23.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/159.htm

3.24 Heterotopic Ossification of the Elbow

3.24.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.24.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/821.htm

3.25 Humeroradial Joint (Joint Restrictions)

3.26 Humeroulnar Joint (Joint Restrictions)

3.27 Injuries of the Throwing Elbow

3.27.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.27.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/178.htm

3.28 Joint Restrictions-Distal Radioulnar Joint

3.29 Joint Restrictions-Humeroradial Joint

3.30 Joint Restrictions-Humeroulnar Joint

3.31 Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

3.31.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.31.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/141.htm

3.31.2            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

3.31.2.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter62/62j.htm

3.32 Limited Elbow Extension (Tight Elbow Flexors) (Biceps or Brachialis)

3.33 Medial Condyle Fracture in Adult (Condylar Fractures)

3.33.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.33.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/145.htm

3.34 Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)

3.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/2230.htm

3.34.2            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

3.34.2.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter62/62k.htm

3.35 Median Nerve (Peripheral Nerve Entrapment)

3.36 Muscle Dysfunction after Trauma

3.37 Myositis Ossificans

3.38 Non Union of Humeral Fractures (Condylar Fractures)

3.38.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.38.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/17.htm

3.39 Nursemaid's Elbow / Radial Head Subluxation

3.39.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.39.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/183.htm

3.40 Olecranon Bursitis

3.41 Olecranon Fossa Impingement

3.42 Osteochondritis of the Elbow

3.42.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.42.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/1700.htm

3.43 Osteochondrosis / Stress Fracture of Medial Epicondyle

3.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/1401.htm

3.44 Panner's Disease / Osteochondrosis

3.44.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.44.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/214.htm

3.45 Paraesthesia (4th & 5th Fingers)

3.46 Peripheral Nerve Entrapment

3.47 Posterolateral Elbow Instability

3.47.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.47.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/2331.htm

3.48 Post Immobilization Capsular Tightness

3.49 Pronator Teres (Interosseous Nerve Entrapment)

3.50 Proximal Subluxation of Radial Head (Pushed Elbow)

3.51 Radial Head Fracture & Elbow Dislocation

3.51.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.51.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/134.htm

3.52 Radial Head Fracture

3.52.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.52.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/128.htm

3.53 Radial Head Meniscus

3.54 Radial Neck Fracture

3.54.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.54.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo3/139.htm

3.55 Radial Nerve (Peripheral Nerve Entrapment)

3.56 Supinator Brevis Tendonitis

3.57 Ulnar Nerve in Elbow Trauma (Condylar Fractures)

3.57.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

3.57.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/155.htm

3.58 Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture

4      Hip, Pelvic Girdle, Sacroiliac and Buttock

Back Table of Contents References 

4.1   Acetabulum Fractures

4.1.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.1.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/139.htm

4.2   Adductor Longus Strain (Rider's Sprain) (Hip)

4.2.1   HISTORY

4.2.2   SUBJECTIVE

4.2.3   OBJECTIVE

4.2.4   TREATMENT

4.2.5   EXAMINATION

4.2.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

4.3   Ankylosing Spondylitis (SI)

4.4   Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head

4.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o15/10.htm

4.5   Capsular Lesions (Hip)

4.6   Claudication (Buttock)

4.7   Coxalgia (Hip)

4.8   Coxa Vara and Acquired Coxa Vara

4.8.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.8.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/54.htm

4.9   Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) (Hip)

4.10 Displacements (Hip)

4.11 Femoral Neck Fractures

4.12 Fracture Dislocations of the Hip

4.12.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.12.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/91.htm

4.13 Hamstrings Strain (Hip)

4.14 Heterotopic Ossification (Hip)

4.14.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.14.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/82.htm

4.15 Hip Joint Effusions

4.15.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.15.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/596.htm

4.16 Iliopectineal Bursitis

4.17 Inferior, Anterior Pubic Dysfunction (Pubic)

4.18 Intertrochanteric Fractures (Hip)

4.18.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.18.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/63.htm

4.19 Joint and Capsule Restrictions (Hip)

4.20 Left Iliac Downslip  (Iliac)

4.21 Left Iliac Inflare  (Iliac)

4.22 Left Posterior Iliac Rotation (Iliac)

4.23 Left Unilateral Sacral Flexion Dysfunction  (Sacral)

4.24 Left-on-Left Sacral Torsion Dysfunction  (Sacral)

4.25 Legg Calve Perthes Disease (Hip)

4.25.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.25.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/242.htm

4.26 Muscle Strength or Flexibility Imbalance (Hip)

4.27 Osteoarthrosis (Hip) (Degenerative Joint Disease)

4.28 Pelvic Fractures (Pelvis)

4.28.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.28.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/107.htm

4.29 Psoas Bursitis (Buttock)

4.30 Psoas Strain (Hip)

4.31 Pubic Separation (Pubic)

4.32 Quadriceps Strain (Hip)

4.33 Right Iliac Anterior Rotation  (Iliac)

4.34 Right Iliac Outflare (External Rotation)  (Iliac)

4.35 Right Iliac Upslip  (Iliac)

4.36 Sacral Extension  (Sacral)

4.37 Sacral Flexion (Sacral)

4.38 Sacroiliac Dysfunction (Acute)

4.39 Sacroiliac Hypermobility (Chronic)

4.40 Sacrum and Sacral Fractures

4.40.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.40.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/27.htm

4.41 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (Hip)

4.41.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.41.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/312.htm

4.42 Sub-Gluteal Trochanteric Bursitis (Buttock)

4.43 Subtrochanteric Fractures (Hip)

4.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

4.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/85.htm

4.44 Superior, Posterior Pubic Dysfunction (Pubic)

4.45 Symphysis Compression (Pubic)

4.46 Trochanteric Bursitis

5      Knee

Back Table of Contents References 

5.1   Anterior Knee-pain Syndrome

5.1.1   HISTORY

5.1.2   SUBJECTIVE

5.1.3   OBJECTIVE

5.1.4   TREATMENT

5.1.5   EXAMINATION

5.1.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

5.2   Anterolateral Rotatory Instability

5.2.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.2.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/13.htm

5.3   Anteromedial Rotatory Instability

5.3.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.3.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/22.htm

5.4   Arthrofibrosis from ACL Injuries

5.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/2334.htm

5.5   Baker's Cyst / Popliteal Cysts

5.5.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.5.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/219.htm

5.6   Bipartite Patella

5.6.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.6.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/48.htm

5.7   Bursae and Bursitis of the Knee

5.7.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.7.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/214.htm

5.8   Capsular Lesions

5.9   Chondromalacia Patellae (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome)

5.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/54.htm

5.10 Chondral and Osteochondral Injuries of the Knee

5.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/54.htm

5.11 Coronary Ligament Sprain

5.12 Cruciate Ligament Instability

5.13 Cruciate Ligament Strain

5.14 Displacements

5.15 Discoid Meniscus

5.15.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.15.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/53.htm

5.16 Dislocations of the Knee (Traumatic

5.16.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.16.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/65.htm

5.17 Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee

5.17.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.17.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/44.htm

5.18 Knee Flexion Contracture

5.18.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.18.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo4/1841.htm

5.19 Frictional Inflammation of the iliotibial Tract

5.20 Genu Varum (Pediatric)

5.20.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.20.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/17.htm

5.21 Hemarthrosis

5.21.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.21.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/211.htm

5.22 Hamstring Tendonitis

5.23 Inflammatory arthropathies

5.24 Infrapatellar Tendonitis

5.25 Intercondylar Eminence Fracture

5.25.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.25.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/11.htm

5.26 Joint Restrictions Post Immobilization

5.27 Ligamentous Lesions (General)

5.28 Loose Body (Middle-aged)

5.29 Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain

5.30 Meniscus Tears

5.31 Muscle Strength and Flexibility Imbalances

5.32 Osgood-Schlatter Disease

5.32.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.32.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/69.htm

5.33 Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease, DJD)

5.34 Patella Alta

5.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/49.htm

5.35 Patella Infera

5.35.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.35.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/50.htm

5.36 Patellar Restrictions Post Immobilization

5.37 Patellar Tendon Avulsion

5.37.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.37.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/238.htm

5.38 Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee)

5.38.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.38.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/1011.htm

5.39 Patellar Tracking Dysfunction

5.40 Patellofemoral Degeneration

5.41 Peripheral Nerve Entrapment

5.42 Pes Anserine Bursitis

5.43 Plica Syndrome

5.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/543.htm

5.44 Popliteal and Semimembranosus Tendonitis

5.45 Posterior Cruciate Ligament

5.45.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.45.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/46.htm

5.46 Posterior Oblique Ligament Tears

5.46.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.46.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/204.htm

5.47 Posterolateral Rotary Instability of the Knee

5.47.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.47.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/15.htm

5.48 Q angle of the Knee

5.48.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.48.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/234.htm

5.49 Quadriceps Expansion Tendonitis

5.50 Quadriceps Tendonitis

5.51 Quadriceps Rupture

5.51.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.51.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/231.htm

5.52 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

5.53 Running Injuries

5.53.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.53.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/100.htm

5.54 Septic Knee

5.54.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.54.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ortho1/153.htm

5.55 Sindig-Larsen-Johanssen disease

5.55.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.55.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/47.htm

5.56 Subluxation / Dislocation of the Patella

5.56.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.56.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/51.htm

5.57 Suprapatellar Tendonitis

5.58 Tibial Tubercle Avulsion

5.58.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.58.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/70.htm

5.59 Tibiofemoral Capsule Tightness

5.60 Valgus Stress Test

5.60.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.60.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/1173.htm

5.61 Varus Stress Test

5.61.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

5.61.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/1194.htm

6      Leg

Back Table of Contents References 

6.1   Achilles Tendonitis

6.2   Achilles Tendon Rupture

6.3   Anterolateral Tibial Bowing

6.3.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.3.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/32.htm

6.4   Avulsion of the Tibial Tubercle

6.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oo1/70.htm

6.5   Blounts Disease

6.5.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.5.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/15.htm

6.6   Compartment Syndrome resulting from Tibial Fractures

6.6.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.6.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/28.htm

6.7   Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia

6.7.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.7.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/217.htm

6.8   Dorsiflexion Muscle Weakness

6.9   Gustillo Classification of Open Tibial Fractures

6.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/60.htm

6.10 Infections of the Tibia

6.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/30.htm

6.11 Intercondylar Eminence Fracture

6.11.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.11.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/11.htm

6.12 Intermittent Claudication

6.13 Malunion of the Tibia

6.13.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.13.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/25.htm

6.14 Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS)

6.14.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.14.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/915.htm

6.15 Open Fractures of the Tibia

6.15.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.15.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/63.htm

6.16 Paraxial Tibial Hemimelia

6.16.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.16.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/296.htm

6.17 Peronei Tendonitis (Evertor Muscles)

6.18 Plantiflexors (Short)

6.19 Posteromedial Tibial Bowing

6.19.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.19.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/31.htm

6.20 Prognosis of Tibial Fractures

6.20.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.20.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/19.htm

6.21 Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

6.22 Pseudoarthrosis of the Tibia

6.22.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.22.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/22.htm

6.23 Shin Splints / Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

6.23.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.23.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/78.htm

6.24 Tennis Leg (Plantiflexors)

6.25 Tibial Fracture References

6.25.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.25.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/20.htm

6.26 Tibial Non Unions

6.26.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.26.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/21.htm

6.27 Tibial Plafond Fracture

6.27.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.27.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/52.htm

6.28 Tibial Plateau Fractures

6.28.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.28.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/95.htm

6.29 Tibial Stress Fractures

6.29.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.29.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/655.htm

6.30 Tibialis Anterior Tendonitis (Dorsiflexor Muscles)

6.31 Tibialis Posterior Tendonitis (Invertor Muscles)

6.32 Tight Fascial Compartment

6.33 Triplane Fracture

6.33.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.33.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/42.htm

6.34 Tumors of the Proximal Tibia

6.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/175.htm

6.35 Vascular Injuries Associated w/ Tibial Fractures

6.35.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.35.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/27.htm

6.36 X rays: for Tibial Fractures

6.36.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

6.36.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/18.htm

7      Lumbar Spine

Back Table of Contents References 

7.1   Afebrile Osteomyelitis

7.1.1   HISTORY

7.1.2   SUBJECTIVE

7.1.3   OBJECTIVE

7.1.4   TREATMENT

7.1.5   EXAMINATION

7.1.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

7.2   Ankylosing Spondylitis

7.2.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.2.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/48.htm

7.3   Annular Tear

7.3.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.3.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/48.htm

7.4   Anterior Cord Syndrome

7.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/977.htm

7.5   Brown Sequard Syndrome

7.5.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.5.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/979.htm

7.6   Brucellosis

7.7   Burst Fracture (Spine)

7.7.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.7.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/183.htm

7.8   Capsular Lesions

7.9   Cauda Equina Syndrome

7.9.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.9.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/191.htm

7.10 Central Cord Syndrome

7.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/978.htm

7.11 Chance Fracture (Spine)

7.11.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.11.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/198.htm

7.12 Coccydynia

7.13 Compression Fractures

7.13.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.13.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/181.htm

7.14 Congenital Scoliosis and Vertebral Defects

7.14.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.14.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/84.htm

7.15 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

7.15.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.15.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/25.htm

7.16 Disc (Acutely Involved) (Tear)

7.17 Disc Herniation

7.17.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.17.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/39.htm

7.18 Disc (Intervertebral)

7.19 Disc (Painful)

7.20 Disc (Postoperative)

7.21 Disc Lesions

7.22 Disk Extrusion (Lower Lumbar) with Nerve Root Impingement

7.23 Disk Prolapse (Outer annulus or posterior longitudinal ligament still intact) Acute (Severe) Posterolateral

7.24 Disk Protrusions (Derangements)

7.25 Disogenic Pain

7.25.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.25.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/47.htm

7.26 Displacements

7.27 Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Spine

7.27.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.27.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/103.htm

7.28 Facet (Denervation) Medial Branch Rhizolysis

7.29 Facet (Mechanical Block)

7.30 Facet Hypomobility or Hypermobility

7.31 Facet Joint Impingement (Blocking Fixation)

7.32 Facet Sprain (Joint Capsule Injury)

7.33 Facet-Joint Capsular Tightness (Localized) (Unilateral)

7.34 Facet-Joint Derangement (Acute)

7.35 Facet-Joints (Lumbar) Multisegmental Bilateral Capsular Restriction (Degenerative Joint Disease) (DJD)

7.36 Flat Low-Back Posture

7.37 Flexion-Distraction Injuries (Seat Belt Types)

7.37.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.37.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/196.htm

7.38 Fracture Dislocations of the Spine

7.38.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.38.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/199.htm

7.39 Fractured Transverse Process

7.40 Fractured Vertebral Body

7.41 Hyperacute Lumbago

7.42 Iliolumbar Ligament Strain-Sprain

7.43 Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesion

7.43.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.43.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/973.htm

7.44 Instability

7.45 Kissing Vertebrae

7.46 Ligamentous Deficiency

7.47 Ligamentous Overstretching

7.48 Low Back Pain in the Adult

7.48.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.48.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/11.htm

7.49 Lumbar Facet Conditions

7.50 Lumbar Stenosis

7.50.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.50.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/22.htm

7.51 Muscle Guarding (Chemical)

7.52 Muscle Guarding (Splinting) and Spasm

7.53 Muscle Injuries (Strains and Contusions from trauma or overuse

7.54 Myelodysplasia

7.54.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.54.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/75.htm

7.55 Myelomeningocele

7.55.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.55.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/77.htm

7.56 Myelopathy

7.56.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.56.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/2783.htm

7.57 Occult Spondylytic Fractures

7.57.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.57.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/95.htm

7.58 Os Odontoideum

7.58.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.58.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/175.htm

7.59 Osteitis Deformans

7.60 Osteoarthritic Changes (Degenerative Joint Disease and Spondylosis)

7.61 Osteoarthrosis (Degenerative)

7.62 Osteochondrosis (Adolescent)

7.63 Osteomyelitis (Vertebral)

7.63.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.63.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa3/80.htm

7.64 Osteophytosis (Posterior)

7.65 Osteoporosis (Senile)

7.66 Pedicles (Stretch)

7.67 Relaxed or Slouched Posture

7.68 Root Pain with Neurological Signs

7.69 Root Pain without Neurological Signs

7.70 Root Pressure (L1)

7.71 Root Pressure (L2)

7.72 Root Pressure (L3)

7.73 Root Pressure (L4)

7.74 Root Pressure (L5)

7.75 Root Pressure (S1)

7.76 Root Pressure (S2)

7.77 Root Pressure (S3)

7.78 Root Pressure (S4)

7.79 Sacral Sparing

7.79.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.79.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/14.htm

7.80 Scoliosis

7.80.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.80.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/59.htm

7.81 Slipped Vertebral Apophysis

7.81.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.81.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/17.htm

7.82 Spinal Claudication

7.83 Spinal Shock

7.83.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.83.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/43.htm

7.84 Spine Fractures & their Mechanisms

7.84.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.84.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/180.htm

7.85 Spondylolisthesis

7.86 Spondylolysis

7.87 Spondylolysis / Spondylolisthesis

7.87.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.87.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/92.htm

7.88 Stenosis

7.89 Sway Back

7.90 Syringomyelia

7.90.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.90.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/79.htm

7.91 Tethered Cord Syndrome

7.91.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.91.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/80.htm

7.92 Thoracolumbar Syndrome

7.93 Tumors and Lesions of the Spine and Sacrum

7.93.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.93.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/180.htm

7.94 Ulceration (Decubiti/Pressure)

7.94.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.94.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/30.htm

7.95 Vertebral Hyperostosis

7.96 Waddel Criteria

7.96.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

7.96.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/26.htm

7.97 Zygapophyseal Joints

7.98  

8      Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

8.1   Adhesive Capsulitis

Back Table of Contents References 

8.1.1   HISTORY

8.1.1.1     Bursitis tendonitis (1)

8.1.1.2     Post fracture (arm, forearm, & or wrist.) Immobilization (2)

8.1.1.3     POSTSUBLUXATION/DISLOCATION IMMOBILIZATION. (3)

8.1.1.4     JOINT STRAINS THEN SELF LIMITING RANGE BOTH ACTIVE & PASSIVE. (4)

8.1.1.5     NO HISTORY  OF ACCIDENTS OR INJURIES TO SHOULDER. (5)

8.1.1.6     DIAGNOSED WITH REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY. (6)

8.1.1.7     CHEST SURGERY. (7)

8.1.1.8     MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (8)

8.1.1.9     Diagnosed with DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE. (9)

8.1.1.10 Diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. (10)

8.1.2   SUBJECTIVE

8.1.2.1     GRADUAL ONSET OF PAIN & STIFFNESS. (11)

8.1.2.2     TROUBLE USEING ARM TO COMBING HAIR. (12)

8.1.2.3     DISCONFORT  WHEN REACHING ABOVE SHOULDER TO FASTEN A BRA ON BACK. (13)

8.1.2.4     DICOMFORT WHEN REACHING INTO HIP POCKET. (14)

8.1.2.5     DIFFICULTY PUTTING ON OR REMOVING SHIRT OR JACKET. (15)

8.1.2.6     trouble eating comfortably with the arm. (16)

8.1.2.7     trouble reaching for items on a high shelf. (17)

8.1.2.8     NO PAIN FELT DIRECTLY ON SHOULDER. (18)

8.1.2.9     PAIN RADIATES TO BELOW THE ELBOW DISTRIBUTED IN THE C5C6 SEGMENT. (19) (A)

8.1.2.10 THE PATIENT IS AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT WHEN ROLLING ON PAINFUL SIDE. (20) (A)

8.1.2.11 CONSTANT DULL ACHE PAIN. (21) (A)

8.1.2.12 PAIN IS LOCALIZED TO THE LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION. (22) (C)

8.1.2.13 PAIN DOESN’T SPREAD BELOW ELBOW. (23) (C)

8.1.2.14 THE PATIENT IS NOT AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT. (24) (C)

8.1.2.15 DULL ACHE FELT ONLY ON ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE  INVOLMEMENT INTO THE RESTRICTED RANGES. (25) (C)

8.1.3   OBJECTIVE

8.1.3.1     CAPSULAR PATTERN FROM WORSE TO BEST LATERAL ROTATION, ABDUCTION, & MEDIAL ROTATION. (26)

8.1.3.1.1   active movements
8.1.3.1.1.1  LITTLE GLENOHUMERAL MOVEMENT ON ABDUCTION,
8.1.3.1.1.2  MUCH DIFFICULTY AND SUBSTITUTION GETTING THE HAND BEHIND THE NECK.
8.1.3.1.1.3  USUALLY THERE IS SOME LIMITATION WHEN FLEXING THE ARM
8.1.3.1.1.4  DIFFICULTY TRYUING TO PUT THE HAND BEHIND THE BACK.
8.1.3.1.2   PASSIVE movements
8.1.3.1.2.1  LATERAL ROTATION IS MARKEDLY RESTRICTED,
8.1.3.1.2.2  ABDUCTION MODERATELY RESTRICTED.
8.1.3.1.2.3  MEDIAL ROTATION & FLEXION ARE SOMEWHAT LIMITED.

8.1.3.2     DISCOMFORT AT END RANGE OF ALL MOTIONS ESPECIALLY LATERAL ROTATION & ABDUCTION. (27)

8.1.3.3     FEMALE 40-50+ YEARS OLD. (28)

8.1.3.4     SCAPULAR MOBILITY NOT RESTRICTED. (29)

8.1.3.5     ACCESSORY MOVEMENTS ARE LIMITED ESPECIALLY ANTERIOR & INFERIOR GLIDES. (30)

8.1.3.6     END RANGE(CLASSICAL & ACCESSORY) HAS AN ABNORMAL CREEP RESISSTANCE . (31)

8.1.3.7     LOST RANGE/MEASURED RANGE LATERAL ROTATION=60/30, ABDUCTION=90/90, MEDIAL ROTATION=45/25, FLEXION=60/120. (32)

8.1.3.8     INTER SCAPULAR MUSCLE TIGHTNESS WITH THORACIC KYPHOSIS.. (33)

8.1.3.8.1   ALTERCATION IN SCAPULOHUMERAL ALIGNMENT=THORACIC KYPHOSIS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INTERSCAPULAR MUSCLE TIGHTNESS. (33)

8.1.3.9     FEELING OF INCREASED MUSCLE TONE, WITH INDURATION OVER THE LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION. (34)

8.1.3.10 RESISTED ISOMETRIC MOVEMENTS STRONG AND PAINLESS, UNLESS A TENDINITIS ALSO  PRESENT. (35)

8.1.3.11 MUSCLE SPASM(ACUTE) END FEEL. (36) (A)

8.1.3.11.1             ON PASSIVE MEOVEMENT LIMITATION IS DUE TO PAIN AND MUSCLE GUARDING, RATHER THAN STIFNESS PER SE.

8.1.3.12 CAPSULAR(CHRONIC) end feel (37 ) (C)

8.1.3.12.1             ON PASSIVE MOVEMENT, LIMITATION IS DUE TO CAPSULAR STIFFNESS, AND PAIN IS FELT ONLY WHEN THE CAPSULE IS STRETCHED

8.1.3.13 SUBACUTE.

8.1.3.13.1             SOME COMBINATION OF ACUTE & CRONIC SUBJECTIVE & OBJECTIVE FINDINGS.

8.1.3.14 .

8.1.3.15  

8.1.4   TREATMENT

8.1.4.1     CAUSE

8.1.4.1.1   CAPSULE RESTRICTION IS CAUSED BY AN ALTERATION OF THE COLLAGEN FIBERS OR WATER CONTENT OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE CAPSULE THAT RESULTS IN FUNCTIONAL LOSS OF MOVEMENT ACTIVELY AND PASSIVELY.

8.1.4.2     GOALS

8.1.4.2.1   RELIEF OF PAIN & MUSCLE GAURDING TO ALLOW EARLY, GENTLE MOBILIZATION. (A) (1)
8.1.4.2.2   MAINTENANCE & GENTLE INCREASE OF ROM. (A) (2)
8.1.4.2.3   MUSCLE STRENGTHING (A) (3)
8.1.4.2.4   MUSCLE STRETCHING (A) (4)
8.1.4.2.5   PREVENTING EXCESSIVE KYPHOSIS & SHOULDER-GIRDLE PROTRACTION. (A) (5)
8.1.4.2.6   INCREASE EXTENSIBILITY OF JOINT CAPSULE, EMPHASIS ON ANTEROINFERIOR ASPECT. (C) (6)
8.1.4.2.7   STRENGTHEN SURROUNDING MUSCLES (42) (C) (7)
8.1.4.2.8   IDENTIFY FUNCTIONAL STRESSES THAT MAY BE CONTRIBUTING TO CAPSULE IRITATION. (46) (C) (8)
8.1.4.2.9   EVALUATE AND TREAT COMPENSATIONS. (47) (C) (9)
8.1.4.2.10             CAUSE CONNECTIVE TISUE ELEMENTS TO YIELD (48) (C) (10)
8.1.4.2.11             TERMINATION (C) (11)

8.1.4.3     ICE/SUPERFICIAL HEAT/ULTRA SOUND. (38) (A) (1)

8.1.4.4     GRADE 1 OR 2 JOINT-PLAY OSCILLATIONS. (39) (A) (1)

8.1.4.5     SUSTAINED GRADE  1 OR 2 JOINT-PLAY TRACTION=ESPECIALLY INFERIOR GLIDE BECAUSE MUSCLE SPASM HIKES UP HUMEROUS AND INTERFERES WITH JOINT MICHANICS. (40) (A) (2)

8.1.4.5.1   MAY INCLUDE LATERAL DISTRACTION, ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR GLIDES.

8.1.4.6     SELF ASSISTED RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES, (WAND AND PENDULUM EXERCISES) & AUTOMOBILIZATION. (41) (A) (2)

8.1.4.7     INSTRUCTION IN ISOMETRIC STRENGTHENING EXERCISES. (42) (A) (3)

8.1.4.7.1   ISOTONIC EXERCISES MAY BE INEFFECTIVE DUE TO PAIN & REFLEX INHIBITION.

8.1.4.8     MANUAL OR HOME STRETCHING; TERES MAJOR, SUBSCAPULARIS, AND LATISSISMUS DORSI, PECTORALIS GROUP, LEVATOR SCAPULA, AND SCALINI GROUP IF TIGHT. (43) (A) (4)

8.1.4.9     INSTRUCTION IN POSTURAL AWARENESS. (44) (A) (5)

8.1.4.9.1   UPPER TRUNK & SHOULDER GIRDLES.=PATIENT LEARNS TO DIFFERENTIATE PROPRIOCEPTIVELY BETWEEN A KYPHOTIC, PROTRACTED POSTURE AND A RELATIVELY UPRIGHT, RETRACTED POSITION.
8.1.4.9.2   TEACH PATIENT TO DO REGULAR DAILY POSTUREAL CHECKS.

8.1.4.10 MANUAL OR HOME STRETCHING; ULTRASOUND PRECEDING OR ACCOMPANYING STRECHING PROCEDURES. (43) (C) (6)

8.1.4.10.1             ALSO MAY USE DIATHERMY
8.1.4.10.2             MOIST HEAT MAY BE USED ONLY IF THE CAPSULE IS MINIMALLY COVERED BY DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

8.1.4.11 SUSTAINED GRADE  1 OR 2 JOINT-PLAY TRACTION, ESPECIALLY ANTERIOR INFERIORR CAPSULR STRETCH. (40) (C) (6)

8.1.4.12 AUTO MOBILIZATION ESPECIALLY ANTERIOR INFERIOR GLIDE. (41) (C) (6)

8.1.4.13 CROSS FIBRE MASSAGE TO TENDONS; TREAT TENDINITIS AND BURSITIS(IF PRESENT) TO THE LEVEL OF LOW OR MODERATE REACTIVITY. (45) (C) (6)

8.1.4.13.1             THIS SHOULD BE DONE BEFORE TREATING CAPSULE FOR MECHANICAL EFFECTS( GRADES 3, 4, OR PROLONGED STRETCH )

8.1.4.14 ISOTONIC EXERCISES TO ROTATOR CUFF AND SHOULDER GRIDLE MUSCLES (42) (C) (7)

8.1.4.14.1             ONCE ACTIVE RANGE HAS BEEN IMPROVING PROGRESSIVELY FOR 4 WEEKS AFTER MANIPULATION AND ONCE PROPER POSTURE CAN BE MAINTAINED.

8.1.4.15 IDENTIFY FUNCTIONAL STRESSES THAT MAY BE CONTRIBUTING TO CAPSULE IRITATION. (46) (C) (8)

8.1.4.16 EVALUATE AND TREAT COMPENSATIONS. (47) (C) (9)

8.1.4.16.1             CAPSULE TRAUMA AND SUBSEQUENT INABILITY OT BOME JOINT THROUGH FUL RANGE MAY CAUSE COMPENSATIONOFMUSCLES & OTHER JOINT POSITIONING.

8.1.4.17 SUSTAINED GRADE  3 JOINT-PLAY TRACTION (48) (C) (10)

8.1.4.17.1             STRONG STRETCHING AFTER 4-6 MONTHS.

8.1.4.18 TERMINATION (C) (11)

8.1.4.18.1             WHEN RANGE OF MOTION BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AND FUNCTION HAVE PLATEAUED THEN MANIPULATION IS STOPPED AS FURTHER PASSIVE STRETCHING MAY STIMULATE THE CONECTIVE TISSUES SUCH THAT FURTHER PROLFERATION TIGHTENING OCCURS(WOLF’S LAW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESPONSE STIMULUS)
8.1.4.18.2             PLACE THE PATIENT ON A HOME PROGRAM OF MAINTAINING PAIN FREE MOVEMENT WITHIN THE RANGE WHILE AVOIDING STRESSING THE END RANGE.

8.1.4.19 PROGNOSIS

8.1.4.19.1             THE LAST 5 TO 10 DEGREES OF MOVEMENT OF ALL PLANES MAY BE LIMITED AND SUBJECTIVELY DESCRIBED AS A PULLING RESTRICTION DURING FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES. THIS RANGE MAY BE THE GOAL OF TREATMENT.

8.1.5   EXAMINATION

8.1.5.1     ACTIVE MOVEMENTS

8.1.5.1.1   LR,ABD,FLX,MR.

8.1.5.2     PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

8.1.5.2.1   LR,ABD,FLX,MR.

8.1.5.3     JOINTPLAY

8.1.5.3.1   ANT & INFERIOR GLIDE MINIMUM.

8.1.5.4     RESISTED ISOMETRIC MOVEMENTS

8.1.5.5     PALPATION

8.1.5.5.1   LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION

8.1.5.6     INSPECTION

8.1.5.6.1   SCARS OF CHEST INDICATING SURGERY.

8.1.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.1.6.1     BURSITIS TENDONITIS. (1)

8.1.6.2     POSTFRACTURE(ARM, FOREARM, &  OR WRIST.) IMOBILIZATION. (2)

8.1.6.3     POSTSUBLUXATION/DISLOCATION IMMOBILIZATION. (3)

8.1.6.4     JOINT STRAINS THEN SELF LIMITING RANGE BOTH ACTIVE & PASSIVE. (4)

8.1.6.5     NO HISTORY  OF ACCIDENTS OR INJURIES TO SHOULDER. (5)

8.1.6.6     DIAGNOSED WITH REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY. (6)

8.1.6.7     CHEST SURGERY. (7)

8.1.6.8     MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (8)

8.1.6.9     diagnosed with DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE. (9)

8.1.6.10 diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. (10)

8.1.6.11 GRADUAL ONSET OF PAIN & STIFFNESS. (11)

8.1.6.12 TROUBLE USEING ARM TO COMBING HAIR. (12)

8.1.6.13 DISCONFORT  WHEN REACHING ABOVE SHOULDER TO FASTEN A BRA ON BACK. (13)

8.1.6.14 DICOMFORT WHEN REACHING INTO HIP POCKET. (14)

8.1.6.15 DIFFICULTY PUTTING ON OR REMOVING SHIRT OR JACKET. (15)

8.1.6.16 trouble eating comfortably with the arm. (16)

8.1.6.17 trouble reaching for items on a high shelf. (17)

8.1.6.18 NO PAIN FELT DIRECTLY ON SHOULDER. (18)

8.1.6.19 PAIN RADIATES TO BELOW THE ELBOW DISTRIBUTED IN THE C5C6 SEGMENT. (19) (A)

8.1.6.20 THE PATIENT IS AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT WHEN ROLLING ON PAINFUL SIDE. (20) (A)

8.1.6.21 CONSTANT DULL ACHE PAIN. (21) (A)

8.1.6.22 PAIN IS LOCALIZED TO THE LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION. (22) (C)

8.1.6.23 PAIN DOESN’T SPREAD BELOW ELBOW. (23) (C)

8.1.6.24 THE PATIENT IS NOT AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT. (24) (C)

8.1.6.25 DULL ACHE FELT ONLY ON ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE  VOMEMENT INTO THE RESTRICTED RANGES. (25) (C)

8.1.7   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.1.7.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/4300.htm

8.2   AC Joint Arthrosis

8.2.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.2.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/64.htm

8.3   Acromioclavicular Joint

8.3.1   HISTORY

8.3.1.1     SHOULDER WAS IMPACTED IN AUTO ACCIDENT. (50)

8.3.1.2     DIAGNOSED WITH OSTEOARTHRITUS OF ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT.

8.3.1.3      (51)

8.3.1.4     HAVE BROKEN OR DISLOCATED CLAVICLE.. (52)

8.3.1.5     PLAYED CONTACT SPORTS AND FELL ON SHOULDER. (53)

8.3.1.5.1   USUALLY TRAUMATIC, PREVALENT AMONG ATHOLETES AFTER A FALL ON THE SHOULDER.

8.3.1.6     DX IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME. (54)

8.3.1.7     PLAY OR HAVE PLAYED FOOTBALL.. (55)

8.3.1.8     HAVE FALLEN ON SHOULDER IN OTHER ACTIVITIES. (56)

8.3.2   SUBJECTIVE

8.3.2.1     trouble reaching for items on a high shelf. (17)

8.3.2.2     CAN POINT TO WHERE IT HURTS ON SHOULDER. (57)

8.3.2.3     NO PAIN DOWN UPPER OR LOWER ARM. (58) (C)

8.3.2.4     NECK DOESN’T HURT. (59) (C)

8.3.2.5     PAIN FELT IN ARM. (60) (A)

8.3.2.6     LOWER PART OF NECK HURTS. (61) (A)

8.3.2.7     TOP OF CHEST HURTS. (62) (A)

8.3.2.8     OPENING HEAVY SLIDING GLASS DOORS OR WINDOWS IS PAINFUL.. (63)

8.3.2.9     CLOSING SLIDING GLASS DOORS IS PAINFUL. (64)

8.3.3   OBJECTIVE

8.3.3.1     RARELY REFERS PAIN OUTSIDE OF JOINT DERIVED C4. (65)

8.3.3.2     THE PATIENT POINTS TO THE SPOT. (66)

8.3.3.3     INFERIOR AC LIGAMENTS MAY PRODUCE PAINFUL ARC. (67)

8.3.3.4     INFERIOR AC LIGAMENTS MAY REFER PAIN IN C5 SEGMENT. (68)

8.3.3.5     PAIN AT THE PASSIVE EXTREMES OF SCAPULAR AND ARM MOVEMENT. (69)

8.3.3.6     PASSIVE HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION PAINFUL.. (70)

8.3.3.7     ISOMETRICALLY RESISTED HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION PAINFUL. (71)

8.3.3.8     PASSIVE HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION PAINFUL.. (72)

8.3.3.9     ISOMETRICALLY RESISTED HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION PAINFUL. (73)

8.3.3.10 NO LIMITATION OF CLASSICAL ROM. (74)

8.3.3.11 OSTEOARTHROSIS WITH CALCIFICATION AND OSTEOPHYTES. (75)

8.3.3.11.1             MAY ALSO FORM WITH THE LIGAMENTS.

8.3.3.12 SUBLUXATION OF THE JOINT STRIPPING THE ATTACHMENT OF ANTERIOR DELTOID. (76)

8.3.3.13 SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY NORMALLY TAKES ONE OR TWO MONTHS. (77)

8.3.3.14 TPS IN SHOULDER GIRDLE MUSCLES. (A) (78)

8.3.3.15 ISOMETRICALLY RESISTED SUPRASPINATUS WEAK & PAINFUL. (A) (79)

8.3.3.16 ISOMETRICALLY RESISTED LATERAL ROTATION WEAK & PAINFUL.. (A) (80)

8.3.4   TREATMENT

8.3.4.1     IF AC JOINT SUBLUXED STRENGTHEN DELTOID MUSCLE. (81) (C)

8.3.4.1.1   AC SUBLUXATION OOF THE AC JOINT MAY RESULT IN STRIPPING OF THE ATTACHMENT OF SOME ANTERIOR FIBRES OF THE DELTOID MUSCLE.
8.3.4.1.2   IN DUE COURSE THE NEGHBOURING FIBRES MAY REQUIRE ATRENGTHENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE FULL FUNCTION.

8.3.4.2     INJECTION=STEROID SUSPENSION TO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LIGAMENTS OF AC JOINT. (82) (A)

8.3.4.2.1   1ML STEROIE SUSPENSION(INFERIOR LIGAMENT),
8.3.4.2.2   2ML STEROIE SUSPENSION (SUPERIOR LIGAMENT)
8.3.4.2.3   LOCATE JOINT LINE=PUT PATIENT’SG ARM IN FUL LATERAL ROTATION WITH HER ELBOW AT SIDE. FIND LATERAL EDGE OF ACROMION=JOINT LINE IS 2 CENTIMETERES MEDIAL TO THE LATERAL ACROMION.
8.3.4.2.4   PALPATE FOR TENDERNESS.
8.3.4.2.5   THE NEEDLE IS THRUST VERTICALLY DOWNWARDS. SHOULD BONE BE ENCOUNTERED AT A DEPTH OF LESS THAN 1 CM, THE TIP DOES NOT REST INTRA-ARTICULARLY AND IS ADJUSTED UNTIL IT SLIPS IN TO ABOUT 2CM.
8.3.4.2.6   THE DEEP LIGAMENT IS INFILTRATED BY 5 OR 10 DROPS DISTRIBUTED FANWISE AND THE SUPERIOR LIGAMENT IS SIMILARLY INJECTED ALONG EACH  SIDE OF JOINT LINE.
8.3.4.2.7   PAIN MAY BE ELIMINATED IN 24 HRS BY AN INJECTION OF STREOID SUSPENSION.

8.3.4.3     TRANSVERSE FRICTION TO SUPERIOR LIGAMENT OF AC JOINT. (83)

8.3.4.3.1   MASSAGE ALLEVIATES THE DISCOMFORT IN A FEW WEEKS BUT THE TREATMENT IS ONLY SUCCESSFUL IF THE SUPERIOR LIGAMENT ALONE IS AFFECTED.

8.3.4.4     INJECTION OF STEROID AROUND THE SUPERIOR SURFACE OF THE CORACOID PROCESS. (84)

8.3.4.4.1   OCCASIONALLY THE TRAPEZOID AND CONOID LIGAMENTS MAY BE STRAINED.  THESE RESPOND TO LOCAL INJECTION.

8.3.4.5     IDENTIFY FUNCTIONAL STRESSES; AVOID WEIGHT BEARING TO LIMB. (A&C)  (85)

8.3.4.6     TP THERAPY FOR SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF. (49)

8.3.5   EXAMINATION

8.3.5.1     XRAY OF AC JOINT

8.3.5.2     PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

8.3.5.2.1   HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION; HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION.

8.3.5.3     ACTIVE RESISTED MOVEMENTS

8.3.5.3.1   HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION, HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION.

8.3.5.4     EXAMINE ACJOINT FOR SUBLUXATION.

8.3.5.5     MUSCLE TESTING.

8.3.5.5.1   DELTOID MUSCLE=ANTERIOR, MIDDLE, & POSTERIOR.

8.3.5.6     PALPATION.

8.3.5.6.1   PALPATE AC JOINT LINE FOR TENDERNESS.
8.3.5.6.2   C4 DERMATOME & SCLEROTOME.

8.3.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.3.6.1     trouble reaching for items on a high shelf. (17)

8.3.6.2     SHOULDER WAS IMPACTED IN AUTO ACCIDENT. (50)

8.3.6.3     DIAGNOSED WITH OSTEOARTHRITUS OF ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT.

8.3.6.4      (51)

8.3.6.5     HAVE BROKEN OR DISLOCATED CLAVICLE.. (52)

8.3.6.6     PLAYED CONTACT SPORTS AND FELL ON SHOULDER. (53)

8.3.6.7     DX IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME. (54)

8.3.6.8     PLAY OR HAVE PLAYED FOOTBALL.. (55)

8.3.6.9     HAVE FALLEN ON SHOULDER IN OTHER ACTIVITIES. (56)

8.3.6.10 CAN POINT TO WHERE IT HURTS ON SHOULDER. (57)

8.3.6.11 NO PAIN DOWN UPPER OR LOWER ARM. (58)

8.3.6.12 NECK DOESN’T HURT. (59)

8.3.6.13 PAIN FELT IN ARM. (60)

8.3.6.14 LOWER PART OF NECK HURTS. (61)

8.3.6.15 TOP OF CHEST HURTS. (62)

8.3.6.16 OPENING HEAVY SLIDING GLASS DOORS OR WINDOWS IS PAINFUL.. (63)

8.3.6.17 CLOSING SLIDING GLASS DOORS IS PAINFUL. (64)

8.4   Acromioclavicular Joint Separation

8.4.1   Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.4.1.1     http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/63.htm

8.5   Acromioclavicular (AC) and Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Problems

8.6   Acute Joint Lesions

8.7   Acute Subdeltoid Bursitis

8.7.1   HISTORY

8.7.1.1     DIAGNOSED WITH CHRONIC TENDONISTIS OF ROTATOR CUFF.

8.7.1.2     GRADUAL BUILD UP OFACUTE PAIN OVER A PERIOD OF 12 TO 72 HOURS.

8.7.1.3     SIMILAR PAIN IN THE PAST (SUBJECTIVE 1-7)

8.7.1.4     DX WITH CALCIFIC TENDONITIS OF ROTATOR CUFF.

8.7.1.5     NO HX OF REPETITIVE REACHING ABOVE SHOULDER WITH ARM.

8.7.1.6     OCCUPATION DOESN’T INVOLVE REPETITIVE OVER-THE-SHOULDER ARM MOVEMENTS.

8.7.1.7     DONOT REGULARLY ENGAGE OR HAVE REGULARLY ENGAGED IN SPORTS ACTIVITY INVOLVING SWINGING OR THROWING.

8.7.1.8     HAVE NEVER BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH IMPINGMENT SYNDROME.

8.7.1.9      

8.7.2   SUBJECTIVE

8.7.2.1     ALL ARM POSITIONS ARE PAINFUL. (A)

8.7.2.2     INTENSE CONSTANT PAIN. (A)

8.7.2.3     CONSTANT DULL ACHE PAIN. (21) (A)

8.7.2.4     INTERMITTENT  THROBBING PAIN. (A)

8.7.2.5     PAIN IS LOCALIZED TO THE LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION. (22) (C)

8.7.2.6     VERY LITTLE RELIEF FOUND IN ANY POSITION. (A)

8.7.2.7     INTENSE PAIN DOESN’T LAST FOR MORE THAN TWO WEEKS (A)

8.7.2.8     ABSENCE OF PAIN AT REST.[1] (C)

8.7.2.9     OCCCASSIONAL DULL ACHE WITH CERTAIN ARM POSITIONS. (25) (C)

8.7.2.10 WRIST HURTS (A)

8.7.2.11 FOREARM HURTS (A)

8.7.3   OBJECTIVE

8.7.3.1     PRESENTS WITH ARM IN A SLING, OR SUPPORTING THE ARM AT THE ELBOW WITH THE UNINVOLVED HAND. (A)

8.7.3.2     HISTORY SUGGESTIVE OF CHRONIC TENDONITIS.

8.7.3.3     PASSIVE & ACTIVE MOVEMENTS SHOW MARKED RESTRICTION (NONCAPSULAR PATTERN) DUE TO PAIN.

8.7.3.4     END OF RANGE PASSIVE MOVEMENT WITH EMPTY END FEEL. (A)

8.7.3.4.1   NO RESISTANCE IS FELT TO MOVEMENT BUT PATIENT INSISTS THAT MOVEMENT STOP DUE TO PAIN.

8.7.3.5     PASSIVE ROTATION (LATERAL & MEDIAL) WITH ARM AT SIDE IS FREE.

8.7.3.6     SEVERE PAIN PROMPTS PATIENT TO STOP PASSIVE ABDUCTION >60, FLEXION >90, (A)

8.7.3.7     SOME PAIN UPON RESISTED ABDUCTION. (A)

8.7.3.7.1   DUE TO THE PINCHING OF BURSAE.
8.7.3.7.2   CAREFUL TESTING WILL REVEAL MOST CONTRAC5TIONS ARE STRONG AND PAINLESS.

8.7.3.8     POST BURSITIS RESISTED CONTRACTIONS SHOULD BE STRONG & PAINLESS.

8.7.3.9     WARMTH OVER SUBDELTOID BURSA.

8.7.3.10  SWELLING OVER SUBDELTOID BURSA.

8.7.3.11 TENDERNESS OVER  SUBDELTOID BURSA.[2]

8.7.3.12 REMAINS ACUTE FOR NO MORE THAN TWO WEEKS.

8.7.3.13 ACTIVELY ELEVATE ARM TO AT LEAST 90 FLEXION OR ABDUCTION (C)

8.7.3.14 MUSCLE TEST ABDUCTORS AND FLEXORS TO MEASURE POSSSIBLE TENDONITIS.(C)

8.7.3.14.1             AFTER ACUTE BURSITIS RESOLVES.
8.7.3.14.2              CALCIFIC ROTATORY CUFF TENDINITIS IS OFTEN A PREEXISTING CONDITION
8.7.3.14.3             CLINICAL SIGNS OF TENDONITIS MAY BE OBSCURED BY THE ACUTE PHASE OF THE BURSITIS.

8.7.3.15 uncommon condition[3]

8.7.3.16 no history of injury to bursa.

8.7.3.17 WHOLE BURSA BECOMES ACUTELY INFLAMED AND IN THE COURSE OF 2 OR 3 DAYS THE PATIENT LOSES ALMOST ALL CAPACITY TO ABDUCT THE ARM.

8.7.3.18 PAIN MAY RADIATE AS FAR AS THE WRIST.

8.7.3.19 OTHER PASSIVE MOVEMENTS RETAIN VERY NEARLY FULL RANGE.

8.7.3.20 RESISTED MOVEMENTS ARE PAINLESS EXCEPT IN THE HYPERACUTE STAGE WHEN EVERYTHING HURTS.

8.7.3.21 PAINFUL ARC APPEARS ONLY AS THE CONDITION ABATES BECAUSE INITIALLY ARM ELEVATION IS IMPOSSIBLE.

8.7.3.22 PATIENT RECOVERS SPONTANEOUSLY WITHIN 4-6 WEEKS

8.7.3.23 OFTEN A HISTORY OF PREVIOUS ATTACKS

8.7.3.23.1             PARTICULARYLY IN CASES WITH SMALL AREAS OF CALCIFICATION(VISIBLE ON THE X-RAY
8.7.3.23.2             CALCIFICATION CAN BE DISSOLVED BY LOCAL ANAESTHETIC.[4]

8.7.3.24 ACUTE PAIN LASTS 7-10 DAYS AND PALPATION OUTLINES THE EXTENT OF THE TENDER AREA. PART OF THE BURSA IS SHIELDED BY THE ACROMION.

8.7.3.25  

 

8.7.4   TREATMENT

8.7.4.1     CAUSE

8.7.4.1.1   CALCIFIC ROTATORY CUFF TENDINITIS IS OFTEN A PREEXISTING CONDITION
8.7.4.1.1.1  DEPOSIT MIGRATES SUPERFICIALLY INTO THE FLOOR OF THE SUBDELTOID BURSA[5]

8.7.4.2     GOALS

8.7.4.2.1   RESOLUTION OF THE ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS (A) (1)
8.7.4.2.1.1  TO CONTROL PAIN, EDEMA, AND MUSCLE GAURDING..
8.7.4.2.2   MAINTAINING RANGE OF MOTION (A) (2)
8.7.4.2.2.1  TO MAINTAIN SOFT TISSUE AND JOINT INTEGRITY AND MOBILITY.
8.7.4.2.2.2  to maintain integrity & fu8nction of associated areas.
8.7.4.2.3   RESOLUTION  OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS (C)(3)
8.7.4.2.4   RESTORATION OF FULL RANGE OF MOTION, JOINT PLAY, AND MJSCLE STRENGTH. (C)(4)
8.7.4.2.5   PREVENTING EXCESSIVE KYPHOSIS & SHOULDER-GIRDLE PROTRACTION. (A) (C)(5)

8.7.4.3     ICE/SUPERFICIAL HEAT. (38) (A) (1)

8.7.4.4     SUPPORT ARM WITH A SLING. (A) (1)

8.7.4.4.1   TO REDUCE POSTUREAL TONE IN THE MUSCLES ADJACENT TO THE BURSA THEREBY RELIEVING PRESSURE TO THE INFLAMED AREA.

8.7.4.5     GRADE 1 JOINT-PLAY OSCILLATIONS. (39) (A) (1)

8.7.4.5.1   USED WIUTH JOINT IN A PAIN FREE POSITION
8.7.4.5.2   DURNING THE FIRST 2 DAYS FOLLOWING TRAUMA, THIS TECHNIQUE MAY NOT BE TOLEER4ATED BY SOME PEOPLE. USE WITH EXTREME CARE AND ONLY IF IT HELPS RELEIVES PAIN SYMPTOMS.

8.7.4.6     SUSTAINED GRADE  1 OR 2 JOINT-PLAY TRACTION=ESPECIALLY INFERIOR GLIDE BECAUSE MUSCLE SPASM HIKES UP HUMEROUS AND INTERFERES WITH JOINT MICHANICS. (40) (A) (2)

8.7.4.6.1   MAY INCLUDE LATERAL DISTRACTION, ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR GLIDES.
8.7.4.6.2   WITH JOINT PLACED IN PAIN FREE POSITION.
8.7.4.6.3   PRECAUTION: IF THERE IS INCREASED PAIN OR IRRITABILITY IN THE JOINT FOLLOWING USE OF THESE TECHNIQUES, EITHER THE DOSAGE WAS TOO STRIONG, OR THE TECHNIQUES SHOULD NOT BE JSED AT THIS TIME.
8.7.4.6.4   CONTRAINDICATION: STRETCHING (GRADE III) TECHNIQUES. IF THERE ARE MECHANICAL RESTRICTIONS CAUSING LIMITED MOTION. APPROPRAIATE STRETCHING CAN BE INITIATED AFTER THE INFLAMMATION SUBSIDES.
8.7.4.6.5   SEE PASSIVE JOINT MOBILIZATION FOR TECHNIQUES.

8.7.4.7     passive & active RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES (41) (A&C) (2)

8.7.4.7.1   active rom=WAND & PENDULUM) & automobillization.
8.7.4.7.2   passive= TO ALL RANGES OF PAIN-FREE MOTION. AS PAIN DECREASES, THE PATIENT SHOULD BE ABLE T0O PROGRESS TO ACTIVE ROM WITH OR WITHOUT ASSISTANCE, DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF THE INJURY.
8.7.4.7.3   associated areas= ELBOW WRIST & FINGERS=either the theerapist or patient should perform rom to the elbow, forearm, wrist, and fingers several times each day while the shoulder is immobilized. IF TOLERATED, ACTIVE OR GENTLE RESISTIVE ROM IS PREFERRED TO PASSIVE FOR A GREATER EFFECT ON CIRCULATION AND MUSCLE INTEGRITY. HAND= SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME(REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY?)=COMPLICATION FOLLOWING SHOULDER INJURY OR IMMOBILITY-REPETITIVELY SQUEEZING A BALL OR OTHER SOFT OBJECT. EDEMA= HAND SHOULD BE ELEVATED, ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE HEART. KEEP THE JOINTS DISTAL TO THE INJURED SITE AS AVTIVE AND MOBILE AS POSSIBLE.

8.7.4.8     ULTRASOUND (38) (C) (3)

8.7.4.8.1   THE INCREASED BLOOD FLOW INDUCED BY THE LOCAL HEAT APPARENTLY AIDS IN A MORE RAPID RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATORY IRRITANTS AND DEBRIS.

8.7.4.9     INSTRUCTION IN ISOMETRIC STRENGTHENING EXCERCISES. (42) (C) (4)

8.7.4.9.1   TO ALL MUSCLE GROUPS OF SHOULDER. INCLUDE SCAPULAR AND ELBOW MUSCLES BECAUSE OF THEIR CLOSEASSOCIATION IWTH THE SHOULDER. INSTRUCT THE PATIENT TO GENTLY CONTRACT A GROOUP OF MUSCLES WHILE YOU APPLY SLIGHT RESISTANCE-JUST ENOUGH TO STIMULATE A MUSCLE =CONTRACTION. IT SHOULD NOT PROVLKE PAIN.TH EMPHASIS IS ON RHYTHMIC CONTRACTING AND RELAXING OF THE MUSCLES TO HELP STIMULATE BLOOD FLOW AND PREVENT CIRCULATORY STASIS.

8.7.4.10 INSTRUCTION IN POSTURAL AWARENESS. (44) (A) (5)

8.7.4.10.1             UPPER TRUNK & SHOULDER GIRDLES.=PATIENT LEARNS TO DIFFERENTIATE PROPRIOCEPTIVELY BETWEEN A KYPHOTIC, PROTRACTED POSTURE AND A RELATIVELY UPRIGHT, RETRACTED POSITION.
8.7.4.10.2             TEACH PATIENT TO DO REGULAR DAILY POSTUREAL CHECKS.

8.7.4.11 STRONG ANALGESIC INJECTED PRIOR TO STERIOD INJECTIONS.

8.7.4.12  CLUSTER OF LITTLE INFILTRATIONS OF STEROID SUSPENSION 5ML(5CM NEEDLE) TO THE ACCESSIBLE EXTENT OF THE BURSA .

8.7.4.12.1             INJECTION IS ONLY WORTH WHILE DURNING THE INITIAL 7-10 DAY PERIOD OF HYPERACUTITY.

8.7.4.13 INJECTION OF STEROID SUSPENSION 5ML TO SUBACROMIAL EXTENT OF THE BURSA WITH MULTIPLE INSERTIONS.

8.7.4.13.1             THE POINT OF THE ACROMION IS LOCATED BY THE THUMB, AND THE NEEDLE SLIDES UNDER IT SO THE APPROACH IS HORIZONTAL.
8.7.4.13.2             BY THE NEXT DAY THE PATIENT IS SORE BUT MOBLE.
8.7.4.13.3             A 2ND INJECTION MAY BE REQUIRED A FEW DAYS LATER.

8.7.5   EXAMINATION

8.7.5.1     XRAY OF GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

8.7.5.2     PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

8.7.5.2.1   M&L ROTATION,ABDUCTION.
8.7.5.2.2   DETERMINE IF NONCAPSULAR

8.7.5.3     ACTIVE RESISTED MOVEMENTS

8.7.5.3.1   ABDUCTION.
8.7.5.3.2   DETERMINE IF NONCAPSULAR

8.7.5.4     INSPECT LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION.

8.7.5.5     PALPATION.

8.7.5.5.1   PALPATE LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION FOR TENDERNESS, SWELLING, AND WARMTH.
8.7.5.5.2   C5 DERMATOME & SCLEROTOME.

8.7.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.8   Adhesions

8.8.1   HISTORY

8.8.2   SUBJECTIVE

8.8.3   OBJECTIVE

8.8.4   TREATMENT

8.8.5   EXAMINATION

8.8.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.9   Algodystrophic Arthritis

8.9.1   HISTORY

8.9.2   SUBJECTIVE

8.9.3   OBJECTIVE

8.9.4   TREATMENT

8.9.5   EXAMINATION

8.9.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.10 Anterior Instability of the Shoulder

8.10.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.10.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/66.htm

8.11 Anterior Shoulder Dislocation

8.12 Bankart Lesion

8.12.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.12.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/38.htm

8.13 Biceps Tendonitis[6] (Proximal)

Back Table of Contents References 

8.13.1            HISTORY

8.13.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.13.3            OBJECTIVE

8.13.4            TREATMENT

8.13.5            EXAMINATION

8.13.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.13.7            Illustration

8.13.7.1 Biceps Tendonitis (Proximal)

8.14 Bursitis

8.15 Calcific Tendinitis of Shoulder

8.15.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.15.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/6501.htm

8.16 Capsule Tightness

8.17 Capsular Adhesion

8.17.1            HISTORY

8.17.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.17.3            OBJECTIVE

8.17.4            TREATMENT

8.17.5            EXAMINATION

8.17.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.18 Capsule Instability

8.18.1            HISTORY

8.18.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.18.3            OBJECTIVE

8.18.4            TREATMENT

8.18.5            EXAMINATION

8.18.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.19 Cervical Root Palsy

8.19.1            HISTORY

8.19.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.19.3            OBJECTIVE

8.19.4            TREATMENT

8.19.5            EXAMINATION

8.19.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.20 Chronic Subdeltoid Bursitis

8.20.1            HISTORY

8.20.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.20.3            OBJECTIVE

8.20.4            TREATMENT

8.20.5            EXAMINATION

8.20.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.21 Chronic Subdeltoid Bursitis (Subdeltoid/Subscapular)

8.21.1            HISTORY

8.21.1.1 HX OF REPETITIVE REACHING ABOVE SHOULDER WITH ARM.

8.21.1.2 OCCUPATION INVOLVES REPETITIVE OVER-THE-SHOULDER ARM MOVEMENTS.

8.21.1.3 REGULARLY ENGAGE OR HAVE REGULARLY ENGAGED IN SPORTS ACTIVITY INVOLVING SWINGING OR THROWING.

8.21.1.4 HAVE BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH IMPINGMENT SYNDROME.

8.21.1.5 DX CALCIFIC ROTATOR CUFF TENDONITIS. (SEE ACUTE BURSITIS)

8.21.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.21.2.1 CONSTANT DULL ACHE PAIN. (21) (A)

8.21.2.2 OCCCASSIONAL DULL ACHE WITH CERTAIN ARM POSITIONS. (25) (C)

8.21.2.3 ABSENCE OF PAIN AT REST (ACUTE SUBD BURSITIS). (C)

8.21.2.4 CAN THROW A BALL OVERHEAD.

8.21.2.5 IT HURTS TO THROW A BALL SIDE ARM.

8.21.2.6 PAIN IS LOCALIZED IN LATERAL BRACHIAL REGION (22) (C)

8.21.2.7 PAIN VARIES FROM DAY TO DAY. [7]

8.21.2.8 AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT WHEN ROLLING ON PAINFUL SIDE. (20) (A)

8.21.2.9 NOT AWAKENED BY PAIN AT NIGHT. (24) (C)

8.21.2.10               DISCOMFORT WHEN REACHING INTO HIP POCKET. (14)

8.21.2.11               DIFFICULTY PUTTING ON OR REMOVING SHIRT OR JACKET (15)

8.21.2.12               CAN’T DO JUMPING JACKS WITHOUT PAIN AT SHOULDER LEVEL.

8.21.2.13               CAN’T SWEAR AN OATH WITHOUT DISCOMFORT IN SHOULDER.

8.21.2.14                

8.21.3            OBJECTIVE

8.21.3.1 THORACIC KYPHOSIS.

8.21.3.2 LAB TESTS REVEAL IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME.

8.21.3.3 LAB TESTS REVEAL CALCIFIC TENDONITIS.

8.21.3.4 SITTING AND OR  STANDING POSTURE REVEALS SUBJECT PRESENTS WITH FORWARD SHOULDERS. (SCAPULA ABDUCTED).

8.21.3.5 PECTORALIS MINOR IS SHORTENED.

8.21.3.6 CERVICAL LORDOSIS IS PRESENT.

8.21.3.7 MUSCLE TESTING REVEALS STRENGTH OR ENDUREANCE WEAKNESS IN ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES.

8.21.3.8 PALPATION REVEALS SHOULDER MUSCLE TIGHTNESS.

8.21.3.9 JOINT PLAY MOVEMENTS ARE LIMITED.

8.21.3.10               SUBDELTOID BURSITIS: ACTIVE ARM ELEVATION IS PAINFUL OR LIMITED IN FUNCTION. [8]

8.21.3.11               SUBSCAPULARIS BURSITIS: ACTIVE HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION IS PAINFU OR LIMNITEWD IN FUNCTION.[9]

8.21.3.12               SUBSCAPULARIS BURSITIS: arm elevation, internal rotation, and external rotation painful or limited.

8.21.3.13               lying on the side of the dysfunction may be uncomfortable.[10]

8.21.3.14               SUBDELTOID BURSITIS: PATTERN #1:  FULL ACTIVE ARM ELEVATION WITH OCCASIONAL DISCOMFORT AT MIDRANGE; NO DEFINITE PAINFUL ARC EXISTS; RESISTED MOVEMENTS DO NOT HURT.

8.21.3.15               SUBDELTOID BURSITIS: PATTERN #2: FULL ACTIVE ARM ELEVATION WITH DISCOMFORT AT MIDRANGE; DEFINITE PAINFUL ARC EXISTS; RESISTED CORONAL ABDUCTION REPRODUCES DISCOMFORT.

8.21.3.16               SUBDELTOID BURSITIS: PATTERN #3: LIMITED AND PAINFUL ACTIVE ELEVATION; PAINFUL ARC EXEISTS; CHANGING PATTERN OF PAIN ON RESISTED CORONAL ABDUCTION.

8.21.3.17               SUBDELTOID BURSITIS: PATTERN #4: GROSS LIMITED AND PAINFUL ACTIVE ELEVATION; TOO PAINFUL TO INTERPRET A PAINFUL ARC; RESISTED CORONAL ABDUCTION DOES NOT GIVE A CONSISTENT INTERPRETATION, THAT IS, PAIN SOMETIMES OCCURS ON RESISTANCE TESTING WHILE OTHER TIMES NO PAIN OCCURS ON RESISTANCE TESTING; SOME LIMITATION OF PASSIVE ABDUCTION.

8.21.3.18               DEEP PALPATION FOR PROVOCATION AT THE ANATOMICAL AREA OF THE BURSA REPRODUCES PAIN AND IS THE BEST DIFERENTIAL TEST.

8.21.3.19               CHRONIC SUBACROMIAL/SUBDELTOID BURSITIS IS NOT A LATER PAHSE OF THE ACUTE FORM, BUT A COMPLETELY SEPARATE CLINICAL ENTITY WHICH MAY CONTINUE INDEFINITELY.

8.21.3.19.1         ONLY A LIMITED PART OF THE BURSA IS AFFECTED AND, CALCIUM DEPOSITS MAY LEAD TO RECURRENCE.

8.21.3.20               HARD TO DISTINGUISH FROM MINOR TENDINITIS

8.21.3.21               MAY GIVE RISE TO PAINFUL ARC.

8.21.3.22               MAY GIVE PAIN ON SEVERAL RESISTED MOVEMENTS OR PAIN(OR EVEN SLIGHT LIMITATION ) ON SOME PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

8.21.3.23               FINDINGS MAY VARY FROM DAY TO DAY.

8.21.3.24               INTERNALY ROTATIN THE ARM MAY REPRODUCE THE PAIN BUIT OFTEN ONYL A PAINFUL ARC IS THE ONLY SYMPTOM.

8.21.3.25               CAN THROW OVERARM OR BOWL BUT NOT THROW SIDE-ARM.

8.21.3.26               .

8.21.4            TREATMENT

8.21.4.1 CAUSE

8.21.4.1.1             OCCUPATIONAL, FUNCTIONAL, OR SPORT OVER-STRESS TO BURSA THAT, IF NOT A DIRECT TRAUMA, MAY BE BROUGHT ON BY EITHER STRENGTH OR ENDURANCE WEAKNESS IN MUSCLES, TIGHT MUSCLES, TIGHT CAPSULE, OR BONY IMPINGGEMENT 
8.21.4.1.2             POOR POSTURE
8.21.4.1.3             POOR BODY MECHANICS

8.21.4.2 GOALS

8.21.4.2.1             DECREASE INFLAMMATION. (1)
8.21.4.2.2             MAINTAINING RANGE OF MOTION (A) (2)
8.21.4.2.3             RESOLUTION  OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS (3)
8.21.4.2.4             RESTORATION OF FULL RANGE OF MOTION, JOINT PLAY, AND MJSCLE STRENGTH. (4)
8.21.4.2.5             PREVENTING EXCESSIVE KYPHOSIS & SHOULDER-GIRDLE PROTRACTION. (A) (5)

8.21.4.3 ULTRA SOUND, INTERFERENTIAL, IONTOPHORESIS, OR PHONOPHORESIS. (38) (1)

8.21.4.3.1             PHYSIOLOGICALLY AND SCIENTIFICALLY THE USE OF MODALITIES HAS NOT SHOWN UNEQUIVOCAL SUCCESS IN DIMINISHING OR ELIMINQATION “CALCIUM DEPOSITS”. CLINICAL SUCCESS HAS OFTEN BEEN REPORTED.
8.21.4.3.2             THE INCREASED BLOOD FLOW INDUCED BY THE LOCAL HEAT APPARENTLY AIDS IN A MORE RAPID RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATORY IRRITANTS AND DEBRIS. qqqq

8.21.4.4 MANUAL OR HOME STRETCHING. (43) (C) (4)

8.21.4.4.1             MAY USE ULTRASOUND PRECEDING OR ACCOMPANYING STRECHING PROCEDURES.
8.21.4.4.2             ALSO MAY USE DIATHERMY
8.21.4.4.3             MOIST HEAT MAY BE USED ONLY IF THE CAPSULE IS MINIMALLY COVERED BY DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

8.21.4.5 INSTRUCTION IN SELF ASSISTED RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES, (WAND AND PENDULUM EXERCISES) & AUTOMOBILIZATION. (41) (A) (4)

8.21.4.6 INSTRUCTION IN ISOMETRIC AND OR ISOTONIC STRENGTHENING EXCERCISES. (42) (C) (4)

8.21.4.6.1             ISOMETRIC AND OR ISOTONIC EXERCISES FOR ROTATOR CUFF AND SURROUNDING SHOULDER GIRDLE MUSCLES.

8.21.4.7 INSTRUCTION IN POSTURAL AWARENESS. (44) (A) (5)

8.21.4.7.1             UPPER TRUNK & SHOULDER GIRDLES.=PATIENT LEARNS TO DIFFERENTIATE PROPRIOCEPTIVELY BETWEEN A KYPHOTIC, PROTRACTED POSTURE AND A RELATIVELY UPRIGHT, RETRACTED POSITION.
8.21.4.7.2             TEACH PATIENT TO DO REGULAR DAILY POSTUREAL CHECKS.

8.21.4.8 SUSTAINED GRADE  1 OR 2 JOINT-PLAY TRACTION, ESPECIALLY INFERIORR CAPSULR STRETCH. (40) (C) (4)

8.21.4.9 AUTO MOBILIZATION ESPECIALLY INFERIOR GLIDE. (41) (C) (4)

8.21.4.10               EVALUATE PROGRESS AFTER 4 SESSIONS.

8.21.4.10.1         SYMPTOMS SHOULD BE DECREASING AND FUCTIONAL GAINS DEVELOPING WITHIN 4 SESSIONS.

8.21.4.11               PROGNOSIS IS EXCELLENT.

8.21.4.12               FIND TENDER EXTENT AND INJECT WITH A SOLUTION OF .5 PERCENT PROCAINE 5-10 ML IS INJECTED IN DROPLETS ALL OVER THE INFLAMED AREA. A COULPLE OF INFILTRATIONS INTO THE CORRECT SPOT ARE USUALY CURATIVE. IF NOT STREROID SUSPENSION IS ADDED.

8.21.4.13               PERSISTENT RECURRENT IMPINGEMENT MAY REQUIRE SURGERY TO THE CORACO-ACROMIAL LIGBAMENT.

8.21.5            EXAMINATION

8.21.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.22 Clavicle Fractures

8.22.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.22.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/51.htm

8.23 Contracture Of Costocoracoid Fasica

8.23.1            HISTORY

8.23.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.23.3            OBJECTIVE

8.23.4            TREATMENT

8.23.5            EXAMINATION

8.23.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT  FORM

8.24 Capsular Lesions

8.25 Dorsal Scapular Nerve

8.25.1            HISTORY

8.25.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.25.3            OBJECTIVE

8.25.4            TREATMENT

8.25.5            EXAMINATION

8.25.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT  FORM

8.26 Floating Shoulder Injuries

8.26.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.26.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/5109.htm

8.27 Fracture Of 1st Rib

8.27.1            HISTORY

8.27.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.27.3            OBJECTIVE

8.27.4            TREATMENT

8.27.5            EXAMINATION

8.27.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT  FORM

8.28 Hill Sachs Lesion

8.28.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.28.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/76.htm

8.29 Humeral Shaft Fracture

8.29.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.29.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/18.htm

8.30 Impingement Syndrome

8.30.1            HISTORY

8.30.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.30.3            OBJECTIVE

8.30.4            TREATMENT

8.30.5            EXAMINATION

8.30.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT  FORM

8.30.7            The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

8.30.7.1 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section5/chapter62/62l.htm

8.30.8            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.30.8.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa3/107.htm

8.31 Infraspinatus Tendonitis

8.31.1            HISTORY

8.31.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.31.3            OBJECTIVE

8.31.4            TREATMENT

8.31.5            EXAMINATION

8.31.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT  FORM

8.32 Malingnant Deposits

8.32.1            HISTORY

8.32.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.32.3            OBJECTIVE

8.32.4            TREATMENT

8.32.5            EXAMINATION

8.32.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.33 Monoarthritis

8.33.1            HISTORY

8.33.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.33.3            OBJECTIVE

8.33.4            TREATMENT

8.33.5            EXAMINATION

8.33.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.34 Multidirectional Instability

8.34.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.34.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/73.htm

8.35 Muscle Strength and Flexibility Imbalances

8.36 Myofascitis-Infraspinatus[11]

8.36.1            HISTORY

8.36.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.36.2.1 INTENSE DEEP PAIN IN FRONT OF SHOULDER.

8.36.2.1.1             IN 193 CASES OF INFRASPINATUS REFERRED PAIN, ALL PATIENTS IDENTIFIED THE FRONT OF THE SHOULDER AS PAINFUL.

8.36.2.2 DICOMFORT WHEN REACHING INTO HIP POCKET. (14)

8.36.2.3 DISCONFORT  WHEN REACHING ABOVE SHOULDER TO FASTEN A BRA ON BACK. (13)

8.36.2.4 CAN’T ZIP UP THE BACK OF MY DRESS.

8.36.2.5 DIFFICULTY PUTTING ON OR REMOVING SHIRT OR JACKET. (15)

8.36.2.6 CAN’T REACH BACK TO THE NIGHT STAND BESIDE MY BED

8.36.2.7 LIMITS THE VIGOR OF TENNIS STROKE.

8.36.2.8 TROUBLE USEING ARM TO COMB HAIR. (12)

8.36.2.9 CAN’T LIE ON EITHER SIDE

8.36.2.9.1             ON THE SAME SIDE THE WEIGHT OF THE THORAX COMPRESSES AND STIMULATES THE INFRASPINATUS TPS.
8.36.2.9.2             ON THE OTHER SIDE , TH TOP SIDE ARM IS LIKELY TO FALL FORWARD AND PAINFULLY STRETCH THE AFFECTED INFRASPINATUS.

8.36.2.10               SLEEPING ON ARM ABOVE HEAD HURTS IN FRONT OF SHOULDER THE NEXT DAY.

8.36.3            OBJECTIVE

8.36.3.1 INABILITY TO INTERNALLY ROTATE AND TO ADDUCT THE ARM AT THE SHOULDER SIMULTANEOUSLY.

8.36.3.2 SHOULDER-GIRDLE FATIGUE.

8.36.3.3 WEAKNESS FO GRIP.

8.36.3.4 LOSS OF MOBILITY OF SHOULDER.

8.36.3.5 HYPER;HydROSIS IN THE REFERRED PAIN AREA.

8.36.3.6 SLEEPING ON ARM IN LATERAL ROTATION ABOVE HEAD HURTS IN FRONT OF SHOULDER THE NEXT DAY.

8.36.4            TREATMENT

8.36.4.1 INTERMITTENT COLD

8.36.4.2 STRETCHING & DISTRACTION

8.36.4.3 ISCHEMIC COMPRESION

8.36.4.4 DEEP STROKING MASSAGE

8.36.4.5 CONTRACT RELAX

8.36.4.6 RECIPROCAL INHIBITION

8.36.4.7 RELAXATION DURING EXHALATION

8.36.4.8 PERCUSSION & STRETCH

8.36.4.9 MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE

8.36.4.10               MYOFASCIAL RELEASE

8.36.4.11               LEWIT TECHNIQUE

8.36.4.12               ACCUPUCTURE/ACCUPRESSURE therapy

8.36.4.13               EAR POINTS

8.36.4.14               FOOT POINTS

8.36.4.15               HAND POINTS

8.36.4.16               MOTOR POINTS

8.36.4.17               RIDDLER POINTS

8.36.4.18               PATIENT SELF CORRECTION

8.36.5            EXAMINATION

8.36.5.1 REFERED PAIN AREAS & FREQUENCY -DRAW PATIENTS PAIN PATERN & DETERMINE IF IT MEETS PAIN PATTERN CRITERION FOR THIS MUSCLE. (FIG 22.1) n=193

8.36.5.1.1             MINIMUM DETERMINATES
8.36.5.1.1.1                PATIENT MUST AT LEAST HAVE B (DEEP ANTERIOR SHOULDER PAIN)
8.36.5.1.1.2                TRAVEL=REF28 N=193)
8.36.5.1.2             DEEP ANTERIOR SH0ULDER 100%
8.36.5.1.2.1                COVERING ANTERIOR DELTOID
8.36.5.1.3             ANTEROLATERAL  UPPER ARM-MEDIAL & POSTERIOR DELT, BICEPS-40%
8.36.5.1.3.1                BICEPS-MEDIAL LATERAL AND ANTERIOR SURFACES
8.36.5.1.3.2                MEDIAL DELTS, QUARTER OF POSTERIOR DELTS
8.36.5.1.3.3                LATERAL UPPER ARM BELOW DELTS
8.36.5.1.4             LATERAL  & MEDIAL FOREARM-21%
8.36.5.1.4.1                LATERAL- OVER BRACHIORADIALIUS FOLLOWING CONTOUR OF MUSCLE TAPPERING DISTAL TO SMALL STRIP WHICH ENDS AT BASE OF THUMB
8.36.5.1.4.2                OVER MEDIAL BRACHIORADIALIS TO ABOUT MID FOREARM TO BASE OF THUMB AT WRIST. DRAW A LINE FROM PROXIMAL MID ELBOW CREASE TO WHERE MEAT OF THUMB MAKE VERTICLE CREASE AT MID WRIST
8.36.5.1.5              SUBOCCIPITAL POSTERIOR CERVICAL-14%
8.36.5.1.5.1                ON POSTERIOR UPPER TRAP FROM ATLAS TO C-3
8.36.5.1.6             RADIAL HAND DORSAL & ANTERIOR13%
8.36.5.1.6.1                DORSAL RADIAL HAND- ON A DIAGNAL LINE FROM BASE OF THUMB TO BASE OF 5TH FINGER
8.36.5.1.6.2                ANTERIOR- FLESHY PART OF THUMB DEPRESSION IN PALM & BASE OF FIRST 2 FINGERS
8.36.5.1.7             FINGERS
8.36.5.1.7.1                DORSAL- 1ST PHALANGIAL JOINT OF THUMB AND 4 FINGERS
8.36.5.1.7.2                ANTERIOR- 1ST PHALAGIAL FROM INDEX TO 2ND FINGER
8.36.5.1.8             MEDIAL EDGE OF SCAPULA (INFREQUENT)
8.36.5.1.8.1                ON RHOMBAIDS AT EDGE OF SCAPULA ENTIRE LENGTH EXCEPT SUPERIOR ANGLE ABOVE SCPULAR SPINE
8.36.5.1.9             MARK PATIENTS PAIN PATTERN ON BODY CHART

8.36.5.2 PAINFUL MOVEMENTS -IDENTIFY PATIENTS PAINFUL/RESTRICTED MOVEMENTS/OTHER SYMPTOMS

8.36.5.3 NOTE: % FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT= # OF ACTIVITIES NOT COMPLETED/ # OF ACTIVITIES COMPLETED

8.36.5.3.1             FUNCTIONAL ROM ACIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (ADL) (INDICATE % IMPAIRMENT)
8.36.5.3.1.1                REACHING FOR BACK POCKET
8.36.5.3.1.2                FASTEN BRA/REACHING BETWEEN TIPS OF SCAPULA
8.36.5.3.1.3                ROLLING CURLERS/BRUSHING-SHAMPOOING HAIR
8.36.5.3.1.4                GETTING SORE ARM IN JACKET FIRST
8.36.5.3.1.5                REACHING BACK WITH ARM  TO GET SOMETHING ON NIGHT STAND
8.36.5.3.1.6                SIDE LYING SLEEP POSTURES ARE PAINFUL CAUSING PATIENT AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING

8.36.5.3.1.6.1               RESTLESS/INADEQUATE SLEEP

8.36.5.3.1.6.2               MUST SLEEP UPRIGHT IN CHAIR

8.36.5.3.2             OTHER SYMPTOMS
8.36.5.3.2.1                EXCESSIVE PERSPERATION  IN ESSENTIAL REFERANCE ZONE
8.36.5.3.2.2                WEAKNESS OF GRIP
8.36.5.3.2.3                WEAKNESS OF INFRASPINATUS
8.36.5.3.3             SPORTS LIMITATION (IF SPORTS IS A PROFESSION INDICATE % IMPAIRMENT)
8.36.5.3.3.1                TENNIS STROKE IS WEAKER AND MAY BE PAINFUL
8.36.5.3.3.2                WEIGHT LIFTING-ALL MOVEMENTS OF THE UPPER ARM MAY BE WEAK AND PAINFUL ESPECIALLY AGAINST RESISTANCE WHEN LATERLLY ROTATED

8.36.5.4 TP ACTIVATION- IDENTIFY PRECIPITATING FACTORS

8.36.5.4.1             REPEATATIVE MOVEMENTS INVOLVING EITHER EXTREAM E INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL ROTATION (REACHING BACK TO NIGHT STAND) ESPECIALLY DURNING ILLNESS WHEN MUSCLES MAY BE WEAK.
8.36.5.4.2             UNUSUAL MOVEMENTS INVOLVING INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL ROTATION AT THE EXTREAME ENDS OF RANGE WITH GREATER RESISTANCE APPLIED (SKI POLING,SKATER HELPING NOVICE, CATCHING BACKWARD FALL ON STAIRS

8.36.5.5 SPECIAL TESTS- OBJECTIVLY ASSESS PATIENTS  ROM  RESTRICTION

8.36.5.5.1             MOUTH WRAP  (FIG22.3) INCHES FROM MID MOUTH
8.36.5.5.2             HAND TO SHOULDER BLADE  (22.4) INCHES FROM BOTTOM OF SCAPULA

8.36.5.6 DIFFERIENTIAL DX-RULE OUT OTHER DIAGNOSTICS NOTE:)SEE EXAM/DIAG

8.36.5.6.1             ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS (FROZEN SHOULDER)
8.36.5.6.2             SCAPULOHUMORAL SYNDROME
8.36.5.6.3             INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE (RADICULOPATHY)(C5,C6,C7)

8.36.5.7 TP LOCATION- LOCATE PAINFUL TRRIGER POINTS

8.36.5.7.1             PALPATE MUSCLE IN MID RANGE STRETCH PER EXAMPLE (FIGURE 22.6)
8.36.5.7.2             TP 1=PERPENDICULARLY EQUIDISTAQNT FROM VERTEBRAL BORDER AND SPINE OF SCAPULA, CAUDAL TO JUNCTION OF MEDIAL AND 2ND 1/4 OF SSCAPULAR SPINE  LENGTH. FLAT PALPATION
8.36.5.7.3             TP2= CAUDAL TO MIDPOINT OF SCAPULAR SPINE BUT MAY BE ON LATERAL BORDER OF SCAPULA-FLAT PALPATION
8.36.5.7.4             TP3=MID MUSCLE ALONG VERTEBRAL SCAPULAR BORDER

8.36.5.8 TP FREQUENCY-NOTE THE LIKLYHOOD OF THE OCCURANCE OF THIS PATTERN

8.36.5.8.1             N=126 INFRASPINATUS=31% LEVATOR SCAPULA=55%

8.36.5.9 ENTRAPMENTS-ARE NUROLOGICAL SIGNS RPESENT AND RELATED TO MUSCLE TIGHTNESS

8.36.5.9.1             NONE

8.36.5.10               MYOTATIC UNIT-ASSESS OTHER RELATED MUSCLE GROUPS FOR TPS AND OR WEAKNESS

8.36.5.10.1         LATERAL ROTATION (SYNERGISTIC)
8.36.5.10.1.1            TERES MINOR
8.36.5.10.1.2            POSTERIOR DELTOID(???)
8.36.5.10.2         SITS--GLENOHUMERAL STABILIZATION (SYNERGISTS)
8.36.5.10.2.1            FLEXION-BICEPS, ANTERIOR DELT,PEC CLAVICULAR, COROCOBRACHIALIS
8.36.5.10.2.2            ABDUCTION=SUPRASPINATUS,MEDIAL DELTS,BICEPS LONG HEAD
8.36.5.10.2.3            EXTENSION-POSTERIOR DELTS, TERES MAJOR, LATS, TRICEPS L. H.
8.36.5.10.2.4            ADDUCTION-BICEPS SRT H, PEC CLAV, TERES MJ,COROCOBRACHIALIS,PEC MAJ STER & COSTAL, LATS, TRICEPS L.H.
8.36.5.10.3         MEDIAL ROTATION (ANTAGONISTIC)
8.36.5.10.3.1            TERES MAJOR
8.36.5.10.3.2            LATS
8.36.5.10.3.3            PEC MAJOR CLAVICULAR, STERNAL.
8.36.5.10.3.4            SUBSCAPULARIS
8.36.5.10.3.5            ANTERIOR DELTOID
8.36.5.10.4         FIXATION (SYNERGIST)
8.36.5.10.4.1            MID AND LOWER TRPAS, RHOMBOIDS
8.36.5.10.5         ESSENTIAL PAIN REFERAL ZONE
8.36.5.10.5.1            ANTERIOR DELT- PEC MAJOR, COROCOBRACIALIS
8.36.5.10.5.2            BICEPS
8.36.5.10.5.3            FOREARM &WRIS MUSCLES
8.36.5.10.5.4            SUPRSPINATUS
8.36.5.10.5.5            PEC MINOR
8.36.5.10.5.6            UPPER CERVICAL EXTENSORS
8.36.5.10.5.7            UPPER TRAPS

8.36.5.11               MUSCLE TESTING- TEST MUSCLE FOR PAIN AND WEAKNESS

8.36.5.11.1         FIXATION STABILIZATION
8.36.5.11.1.1            FIXATION

8.36.5.11.1.1.1          MID AND LOWER TRAPS, RHOMBOIDS

8.36.5.11.1.2            STABILIZATION

8.36.5.11.1.2.1          FIX HUMOUROUS TO AVOID ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION,FLEXION,AND EXTENSION

8.36.5.11.2         POSITION/PRESSURE
8.36.5.11.2.1            PRONE,SUPINE, SEATED, & STANDING
8.36.5.11.3         MUSCLE TEST

8.36.5.11.3.1.1          PRESSURE AGAINST PATIENTS WRIST USING FOREARM AS A LEVER TO INTERNALLY ROTATE HUMEROUS

8.36.5.11.3.1.2          HUMOUROUS ABDUCTED  & EXTERNALLY ROTATED 90%

8.36.5.11.3.1.2.1             MAY ABDUCT HUMOURUS MORE. (UPPER INFRA FIBRES), LESS(MIDDLE & LOWER FIBRES).

8.36.5.11.3.1.2.2              AS HUMOURUS APPROACHES FULL ADDUCTION TERES MINOR FIBRES ARE TESTED.

8.36.5.11.3.1.2.3             MAY ROTATE HUMOURUS MORE THAN 90 DEGRESS- MUSCLE WILL BE STRONGER IN SHORTENED POSITION OR LESS THAN 90 DEGREE- MUSCLE WEAKER IN LENGTHENED POSITION

8.36.5.11.3.1.3          ELBOW FLEXED 90%

8.36.5.11.3.1.4          OBSERVE SCAPULA FIXATION-HOLD SCAPULA IF NOT FIXED

8.36.5.11.3.1.5          INDICATE DEGREE OF ABDUCT OF HUMOURUS WHEN TESTED

8.36.5.11.3.1.6          GRADE MUSCLE STRENGTH FOLLOWING GUIDLINES IN GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION.

8.36.5.11.3.1.7          INDICATE DEGREE OF HUMERAL ROTATION.

8.36.5.11.3.2            PATIENTSBODY LANGUAGE TO COMPENSATE MUSCLE WEAKNESS

8.36.5.11.3.2.1          DURING TEST-PATIENT WEAKNESS COMPENSATION

8.36.5.11.3.2.1.1             MOVING HUMEROUS IN ABDUCTION,ADDUCTION,FLEXION, OR EXTENSION

8.36.5.11.3.2.1.2             PATIENT MAY ATTEMPT TO FLEX OR EXTEND ELBOW

8.36.5.11.3.3            MUSCLE TESTING

8.36.5.11.3.3.1          SEATED & STANDING

8.36.5.11.3.3.1.1             STABILIZATION MORE DIFFICULT

8.36.5.11.3.3.1.2             MAY OBSERVE SCAPULAR FIXATION

8.36.5.11.3.3.2          SUPINE

8.36.5.11.3.3.2.1             SCAPULAR FIXATION DIFFICULT TO DETECT

8.36.5.11.3.3.2.2             LESS ASSISTANCE FROM POSTERIOR DELT

8.36.5.11.3.3.2.3             LESS NEED FOR SCAPULAR FIXATION BY LOWER & MIDDLE TRAPS

8.36.5.11.3.3.3          PRONE

8.36.5.11.3.3.3.1             MAY OBSERVE SCAPULAR FIXATION

8.36.5.11.3.3.3.2             TO PERFORM TEST STAND AT HEAD OF TABLE & CUSHEN ARM WITH YOUR HAND BETWEE ARM & TABLE

8.36.5.11.3.3.3.3             MAY GRADE MUSCLE IN ANTIGRAVITY POSITION

8.36.5.11.3.4            GENERAL

8.36.5.11.3.4.1          DIFFERIENTIATE BETWEEN TERES MINOR AND INFRASPINATUS PROBLEMS

8.36.5.12                

8.36.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.37 Neuritides

8.37.1            HISTORY

8.37.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.37.3            OBJECTIVE

8.37.4            TREATMENT

8.37.5            EXAMINATION

8.37.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.38 Neuropathic Shoulder

8.38.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.38.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/42.htm

8.39 Posterior Shoulder Dislocation

8.39.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.39.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/61.htm

8.40 Proximal Humeral Fracture

8.40.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.40.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/12.htm

8.41 Proximal Humeral Physeal Injuries

8.41.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.41.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/31.htm

8.42 Psychogenic Pain

8.42.1            HISTORY

8.42.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.42.3            OBJECTIVE

8.42.4            TREATMENT

8.42.5            EXAMINATION

8.42.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.43 Pulmonary Neoplasm

8.43.1            HISTORY

8.43.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.43.3            OBJECTIVE

8.43.4            TREATMENT

8.43.5            EXAMINATION

8.43.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.44 Referred Pain

8.45 Rotator Cuff Tears

8.45.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.45.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/65.htm

8.46 Rupture Shoulder Tendon (Rotator Cuff or Biceps)

8.46.1            HISTORY

8.46.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.46.3            OBJECTIVE

8.46.4            TREATMENT

8.46.5            EXAMINATION

8.46.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.47 Shoulder Tendonitis (Rotator Cuff or Biceps)

8.48 Sternoclavicular Joint

8.48.1            HISTORY

8.48.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.48.3            OBJECTIVE

8.48.4            TREATMENT

8.48.5            EXAMINATION

8.48.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.49 Sternoclavicular Joint Injury

8.49.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.49.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/5400.htm

8.50 Subacute and Chronic Joint Problems

8.51 Subcoracoid Bursitis

8.51.1            HISTORY

8.51.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.51.3            OBJECTIVE

8.51.4            TREATMENT

8.51.5            EXAMINATION

8.51.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.52 Subluxation

8.52.1            HISTORY

8.52.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.52.3            OBJECTIVE

8.52.4            TREATMENT

8.52.5            EXAMINATION

8.52.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.53 Subscapularis Tendonitis

8.53.1            HISTORY

8.53.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.53.3            OBJECTIVE

8.53.4            TREATMENT

8.53.5            EXAMINATION

8.53.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.54 Superior Glenoid Labrum Lesions (SLAP)

8.54.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.54.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/05/501.htm

8.55 Suprascapular Nerve

8.55.1            HISTORY

8.55.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.55.3            OBJECTIVE

8.55.4            TREATMENT

8.55.5            EXAMINATION

8.55.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.56 Supraspinatus Tendonitis

8.56.1            HISTORY

8.56.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.56.3            OBJECTIVE

8.56.4            TREATMENT

8.56.5            EXAMINATION

8.56.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.57 Tendonitis

8.58 Throwing Shoulder

8.58.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.58.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/32.htm

8.59 Traumatic Arthritis

8.59.1            HISTORY

8.59.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.59.3            OBJECTIVE

8.59.4            TREATMENT

8.59.5            EXAMINATION

8.59.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.60 Trigger Point Assessment General

8.60.1            HISTORY

8.60.1.1 A HISTORY OF SUDDEN ONSET DURING OR SHORTLY  FOLLOWINGT ACUTE OVERLOAD STRESS, OR A HISTORY OF GRADUAL ONSET WITH CHRONIC OVERLOAD OF THE AFFECTED MUSCLE.

8.60.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.60.3            OBJECTIVE

8.60.3.1 CHARACTERISTIC PATTERNS OF PAIN THAT ARE REFERRED FROM MYOFASCIAL TPS, PATTERNS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES.

8.60.3.2 WEAKNESS AND RESTRICTION IN THE STRETCH RANGE OF MOTION OF THE AFFECTED MUSCLE.

8.60.3.3 A TAUT, PALPABLE BAND IN THE AFFECTED MUSCLE.

8.60.3.4 EXQUISITE, FOCAL TENDERNESS TO DIGITAL PRESSURE (THE TP), IN THE BAND OF TAUT MUSCLE FIBERS.

8.60.3.5 A LOCAL TWITCH RESPONSE ELICITED THROUGH SNAPPING PALPATION OR NEEDLING OF THE TENDER SPOT (TP).

8.60.3.6 THE REPRODUCTION OF THE PATIENT’S PAIN COMPLAINT BY PRESSURE ON, OR NEEDLING OF, THE TENDER SPOT (TP).

8.60.3.7 THE ELIMINATION OF SYMPTOMS BY THERAPY DIRECTED SPECIFICALLY TO THE AFFECTED MUSCLE.

8.60.3.8 # 4 ESSENTIAL(EXQUISITE TENDERNESS) BUT NONSPECIFIC, # 5(TWITCH RESPONSE) & 6(REPRODUCTION OF PP) ARE SPECIFIC AND STRONGLY DIAGNOSTIC. THE MORE OF THE REMAINING FINDINGS THAT ARE PRESENT, THE MORE CERTAIN IS THE DIAGNOSIS WHICH MAY BE RECORDED AS MYOFASCIITIS.

8.60.4            TREATMENT

8.60.5            EXAMINATION

8.60.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.61 Tumors of the Proximal Humerus / Scapula

8.61.1            HISTORY

8.61.2            SUBJECTIVE

8.61.3            OBJECTIVE

8.61.4            TREATMENT

8.61.5            EXAMINATION

8.61.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

8.61.7            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

8.61.7.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/161.htm

9      Temporomandibular Joint

Back Table of Contents References 

9.1   Anteriorly Dislocated Disc With Reduction

9.1.1   HISTORY

9.1.2   SUBJECTIVE

9.1.3   OBJECTIVE

9.1.4   TREATMENT

9.1.5   EXAMINATION

9.1.6   PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

9.2   Anteriorly Dislocated Disc Without Reduction

9.3   Degenerative Joint Disease-Osteoarthritis

9.4   Disk Derangement and Condylar Displacement

9.5   Hypermobility (Subluxation)

9.6   Hypomobility Secondary to Capsular Tightness

9.7   Muscle Imbalance of the Cervical Spine

9.8   Orofacial Imbalances

9.9   Rheumatoid Arthritis

9.10 Strain

9.11 Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome

9.12 Trauma and Disorders of Limitation

10      Thoracic Spine

Back Table of Contents References 

10.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis

10.1.1            HISTORY

10.1.2            SUBJECTIVE

10.1.3            OBJECTIVE

10.1.4            TREATMENT

10.1.5            EXAMINATION

10.1.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

10.1.7            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.1.7.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/48.htm

10.2 Annular Tear

10.2.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.2.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/48.htm

10.3 Anterior Cord Syndrome

10.3.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.3.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/977.htm

10.4 Brown Sequard Syndrome

10.4.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.4.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/979.htm

10.5 Burst Fracture (Spine)

10.5.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.5.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/183.htm

10.6 Capsular Lesions

10.7 Cauda Equina Syndrome

10.7.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.7.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/191.htm

10.8 Central Cord Syndrome

10.8.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.8.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/978.htm

10.9 Chance Fracture (Spine)

10.9.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.9.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/198.htm

10.10                   Compression Fractures

10.10.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.10.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/181.htm

10.11                   Congenital Scoliosis and Vertebral Defects

10.11.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.11.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/84.htm

10.12                   Costochondritis

10.13                   Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

10.13.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.13.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/25.htm

10.14                   Disc Herniation

10.14.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.14.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/39.htm

10.15                   Disogenic Pain

10.15.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.15.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o12/47.htm

10.16                   Displacements

10.17                   Dowager's Hump (Upper Thoracic Kyphosis)

10.18                   Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Spine

10.18.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.18.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/103.htm

10.19                   Facet Joint Restrictions

10.20                   Fracture Dislocations of the Spine

10.20.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.20.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/199.htm

10.21                   Fracture of a Rib/Stress Fracture

10.22                   Hypermobility of the Ribs

10.23                   Hypermobility of Thoracic Segments

10.24                   Hypomobility of the Ribs

10.25                   Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesion

10.25.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.25.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/973.htm

10.26                   Myelodysplasia

10.26.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.26.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/75.htm

10.27                   Myelomeningocele

10.27.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.27.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/77.htm

10.28                   Myofascial Imbalances

10.29                   Neuralgic Amyotrophy

10.30                   Neuritis (Spinal Accessory, Long Thoracic or Suprascapular Nerve)

10.31                   Neuroma

10.32                   Occult Spondylytic Fractures

10.32.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.32.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/95.htm

10.33                   Os Odontoideum

10.33.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.33.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/175.htm

10.34                   Osteitis Deformans

10.35                   Osteochondritis (Adolescent)

10.36                   Osteochondritis (Adult)

10.37                   Osteomyelitis (Vertebral)

10.37.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.37.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa3/80.htm

10.38                   Osteoporosis (Senile)

10.39                   Rib Conditions

10.40                   Scoliosis

10.40.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.40.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/59.htm

10.41                   Slipped Vertebral Apophysis

10.41.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.41.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/17.htm

10.42                   Spinal Shock

10.42.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.42.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o16/43.htm

10.43                   Spine Fractures & their Mechanisms

10.43.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.43.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/180.htm

10.44                   Syringomyelia

10.44.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.44.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/79.htm

10.45                   Tethered Cord Syndrome

10.45.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.45.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/80.htm

10.46                   Thoracic Disc

10.47                   Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

10.48                   Tumors and Lesions of the Spine and Sacrum

10.48.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.48.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/180.htm

10.49                   Waddel Criteria

10.49.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

10.49.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/26.htm

11      Wrist and Hand

Back Table of Contents References 

11.1 Abductor Longus and Extensor Brevis Pollicis (De Quervain's Syndrome)

11.1.1            HISTORY

11.1.2            SUBJECTIVE

11.1.3            OBJECTIVE

11.1.4            TREATMENT

11.1.5            EXAMINATION

11.1.6            PATIENTS ASSESSMENT FORM

11.1.7            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.1.7.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/162.htm

11.2 Arthritis (Thumb)

11.3 Arthrodesis (Wrist)

11.3.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.3.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/104.htm

11.4 Bennett's Fracture Dislocation

11.4.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.4.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/185.htm

11.5 Boutonniere Injuries

11.5.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.5.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/137.htm

11.6 Capitate

11.6.1            Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.6.1.1 http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/155.htm

11.7 Capsular Lesions (Hand)

11.8 Capsular Pattern

11.9 Capsule Joint Tightness (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal)

11.10                   Capsule Tightness

11.11                   Carpal Capitate Subluxation

11.12                   Carpal Instability

11.12.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.12.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/89.htm

11.13                   Carpometacarpal Fracture Dislocation

11.13.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.13.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/178.htm

11.14                   Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

11.14.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.14.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/171.htm

11.15                   Cerebral Palsy (Hand)

11.15.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.15.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o14/109.htm

11.16                   Claw Hand (Intrinsic Weakness)

11.16.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.16.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/05/122.htm

11.17                   Clenched Fist Injury

11.17.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.17.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ortho1/1051.htm

11.18                   Colles' Fracture

11.19                   CMC Joint / CMC Arthritis

11.19.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.19.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/135.htm

11.20                   Compartment Syndromes of Hand and Forearm

11.20.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.20.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/73.htm

11.21                   Congenital Deformities of the Hands

11.21.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.21.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o15/101.htm

11.22                   Distal Radial Ulnar Joint

11.22.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.22.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/129.htm

11.23                   Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability: (DISI)

11.23.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.23.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/93.htm

11.24                   Distal Phalangeal Fractures

11.24.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.24.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/64.htm

11.25                   Dorsal Wrist Pain

11.25.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.25.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/1134.htm

11.26                   Dupuytren's Contracture

11.26.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.26.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o2/192.htm

11.27                   Dynamic Instability

11.27.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.27.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/92.htm

11.28                   Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Lesion

11.29                   Extensores Carpi Radialis Lesion

11.30                   Extensor Tendon Rupture: RA: (Vaughn-Jackson syndrome)

11.30.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.30.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/121.htm

11.31                   FDP Avulsion/Rupture

11.31.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.31.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/389.htm

11.32                   Finger Tip Injuries

11.32.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.32.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o13/65.htm

11.33                   Flexor Carpi Radialis Lesion

11.34                   Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Lesion

11.35                   Flexor Digitorum Lesion

11.36                   Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Lesion

11.37                   Flexor Tenosynovitis (Infectious)

11.37.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.37.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/991.htm

11.38                   Fractures of the Radius

11.38.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.38.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/105.htm

11.39                   Gamekeeper's Thumb

11.39.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.39.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/141.htm

11.40                   Ganglionic Cysts of the Wrist

11.40.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.40.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/115.htm

11.41                   Hamate

11.41.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.41.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/160.htm

11.42                   Hand and Metacarpal Fractures

11.42.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.42.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/168.htm

11.43                   High Pressure Injection Injuries in the Hand

11.43.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.43.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/75.htm

11.44                   Infections of the Hand

11.44.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.44.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/108.htm

11.45                   Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

11.45.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.45.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/05/121.htm

11.46                   Kienbock's disease: Lunatomalacia

11.46.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.46.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o11/209.htm

11.47                   Ligaments of the Wrist

11.47.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.47.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/102.htm

11.48                   Ligamentous Sprains

11.49                   Lunate Capitate Ligament Sprain

11.50                   Lunotriquetral Dissociation

11.50.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.50.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/96.htm

11.51                   Malalignment of Carpal Bone

11.52                   Mallet Deformity: (Baseball finger)

11.52.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.52.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/144.htm

11.53                   Metacarpal Joint Injury

11.53.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.53.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/167.htm

11.54                   Middle Phalanx Fracture

11.54.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.54.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o15/71.htm

11.55                   Mucous Cyst

11.55.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.55.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/163.htm

11.56                   Muscle Strength or Flexibility Imbalance

11.57                   Osteoarthrosis

11.58                   Perilunate Dislocations

11.58.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.58.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/91.htm

11.59                   Phalangeal Injury

11.59.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.59.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/150.htm

11.60                   Pisiform

11.60.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.60.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/158.htm

11.61                   Proximal Phalanx Fracture

11.61.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.61.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o15/66.htm

11.62                   Radial Collateral Ligament Sprain

11.63                   Referred Pain and Nerve Injury Patterns

11.64                   Rheumatoid Arthritis

11.64.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Wrist)

11.64.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/103.htm

11.65                   Rheumatoid Arthritis: MP joint

11.65.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.65.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/113.htm

11.66                   Rheumatoid Hand

11.66.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.66.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/109.htm

11.67                   Rolando's fracture

11.67.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.67.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/184.htm

11.68                   Scaphoid Fracture and Lunate Dislocation

11.69                   Scaphoid / Scaphoid Fracture

11.69.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.69.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/161.htm

11.70                   Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC)

11.70.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.70.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/98.htm

11.71                   Scapholunate Instability

11.71.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Wrist)

11.71.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/97.htm

11.72                   Secondary Osteoarthritis (Thumb)

11.73                   Stiff Hand

11.74                   Swan Neck Deformity

11.74.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.74.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/124.htm

11.75                   Tendinitis

11.76                   Tendon Injuries of the Hand

11.76.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.76.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/180.htm

11.77                   Thumb Deformities in RA

11.77.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.77.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/129.htm

11.78                   Thumb Fractures / Dislocations

11.78.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.78.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/179.htm

11.79                   Tumors of Hand and Distal radius

11.79.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.79.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/162.htm

11.80                   Transverse and Oblique Retincular Ligament

11.80.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Wrist)

11.80.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/99.htm

11.81                   Trapezium

11.81.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.81.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/156.htm

11.82                   Traumatic Arthritis

11.83                   Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

11.83.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.83.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/125.htm

11.84                   Trigger Finger / Tenosynovitis

11.84.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Wrist)

11.84.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/164.htm

11.85                   Tumors of Hand and Distal radius

11.85.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Wrist)

11.85.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/o6/162.htm

11.86                   Tunnel of Guyon

11.86.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.86.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/159.htm

11.87                   Ulna / Ulnar Shaft Fracture

11.87.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.87.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/126.htm

11.88                   Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain

11.89                   Ulnar drift: of MP joints

11.89.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.89.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/ooa1/114.htm

11.90                   Ulnar Variance

11.90.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.90.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/107.htm

11.91                   Ulnar Nerve Entrapment

11.92                   Ulnocarpal Impingement Syndrome

11.92.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.92.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/orthoo/1250.htm

11.93                   Vascular Problems of the Wrist and Hand

11.93.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.93.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa3/74.htm

11.94                   Volar Finger Tip Infections / Felon

11.94.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.94.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa4/988.htm

11.95                   Volar Intercalated Segment Instability: (VISI)

11.95.1      Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

11.95.1.1               http://www.ortho-u.net/oa2/95.htm

11.96                   Wrist Joint Trauma


[1] KESSLER R M, HERTLING D: MANAGEMENT OF COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: PHYSICAL THERAPY PRINCIPLES AND METHODS. 2ND EDITION. J.B. LIPPINCOTT CO. 1990.

[2] IBID.

[3] CYRIAX J H: CYRIAX’S ILLUSTRATED MANUAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC MEDICINE. 2ND EDITION. BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD 1993.

[4] IBID.

[5] MOSELEY HF: THE NATURAL HISTORY AND CLINICAL SYNDROMES PRODUCED BY CALCIFIC DEPOSITS IN THE ROTATOR CUFF. SURG CLIN NORTH AM 43:1489-1492, 1963

[6]

[7] CYRIAX J H: CYRIAX’S ILLUSTRATED MANUAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC MEDICINE. 2ND EDITION. BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD 1993.

8 PAYTON OTTO D, DI FABIO R, PARIS SV, PROTAS EJ, VANSANT AF,  (EDS): MANUAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY. CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. NY. 1989. (P. 445)

9 IBID

[10] IBID

[11] TRAVELL JANET G, SIMONS DAVID: MYOFASCIAL PAIN AND DYSFUNCTION: THE TRIGGER POINT MANUAL: THE UPPER EXTREMITIES. VOL 1. WILLIAMS & WILKINS. MD. 1983.